Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently—animals.

　　That’s right, animals. Scientists have begun to understand what farmers have known for thousands of years. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. Cows broke their halters (缰绳) and tried to escape. Chickens refused to enter their cage. All of this unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in the earth, warned Chinese scientists of the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.

　　One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It’s not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1977, for example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his enclosure. The Australian horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It’s also difficult at times to tell the difference between normal animal restlessness and “earthquake nerves”. A zoo keeper once called earthquake researchers to say that his cougar had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.

　　A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kind of warnings the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can sense tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict quakes.

　　A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were shut in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. (Several small quakes often come before or after a large one.) Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boom caused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to bark during a silent period. A scientist who was recording quakes looked at his machine. It was acting as though there were a loud noise too. The scientist realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.

In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing extraordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing something we measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know it is a danger signal, is a job for future scientists.

1.Through the passage the writer hopes to explore __________.

A．why animals send a danger signal before an earthquake

B．how animals know when an earthquake is coming

C．why animals not men have good sense of danger

D．how much animals know about an earthquake

2. During an earthquake in China in 1975, _________.

A．chickens refused to go out of their cage

B．snakes were frozen to death in their caves

C．snakes awoke from their winter sleep earlier

D．cows broke their halters and escaped from their sheds

3.Which of the following is one of earthquake nerves according to the passage?

A．An Arabian horse tried to escape from his enclosure.

B．A cougar had an upset stomach unexpectedly.

C．An Australian horse was perfectly calm.

D．A cat acted very strangely in a zoo.

4.The scientists did an experiment with a group of dogs to _________.

A．find out that the machine could record unusual happenings

B．compare the reactions of animals and those of humans

C．prove that animals could sense more than humans

D．find out what exact warnings animals sent

 

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
       【小题1】        You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.                      __   【小题2】     The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.  
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings.       【小题3】       
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You’re very stubborn, but you aren’t very ambitious.     【小题4】     __                  This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality.   【小题5】    　　　　　　
You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.

A．You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.

B．You know your strengths and weaknesses.

C．Normally people seldom change their sleeping position.

D．Everyone has got two personalities — the one that is shown to the world and the other that is

secret and real.
E. Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.
F. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
G. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

        1.         You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.                      __    2.      The important position is the one that you go to sleep in. 

If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings.        3.       

If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You’re very stubborn, but you aren’t very ambitious.      4.     __                   This means that you enjoy having a good time.

If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality.    5.     　　　　　　

You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.

 

A. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.

B. You know your strengths and weaknesses.

C. Normally people seldom change their sleeping position.

D. Everyone has got two personalities — the one that is shown to the world and the other that is

secret and real.

E. Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.

F. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.

G. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position.

 

    In October 1949 the United Nations brought a number of specialists on food on Geneva, to discuss the problems of eating habits and food supplies of people throughout the world. One problem that interested the specialists particularly was a form of illness, about which little was known among the children in Africa.

    Two doctors were chosen to make the study. They flew to Africa and during the next two months visited ten countries. They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa. The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor(恶性营养不良).

    The diseased children are usually from one to four years old. As the illness progresses, the child’s stomach becomes swollen(肿胀的) by liquid collecting in the body. The skin changes colour and may break out in open sores(伤口). The hair changes colour and starts to fall out. The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food, and becomes so weak that he wants to lie down all the time. Stomach liquids are no longer produced.

    The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat. Their mothers, after stopping their breast-feeding, gave them foods full of starches(淀粉) instead of greatly needed proteins(蛋白质). They found that the addition of milk to the food of children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives.

    It was necessary that the children of Africa be helped to eat better. The doctors suggested that the production of foods rich in protein be increased; they thought that more fish should be caught and more nuts should be grown. That urged education plans to teach mothers better ways of feeding children. They suggested that the United Nations should send large quantities of powdered milk to hospitals and child-health centres. Finally, they suggested closer study of all the special problems connected with kwashiorkor.

71. Kwashiorkor is a disease which is caused by _______ .

A. poor living conditions

B. another unknown disease

C. having no food

D. not having enough protein

72. One difficulty in discovering kwashiorkor is that _______ .

A. people know nothing about it

B. it is like other diseases

C. it is hard to see signs of it

D. it does not last long

73. A main sign of the disease is that children who have it _______ .

A. cannot sit still

B. cannot walk

C. have a large stomach　

D. are always hungry

74. A good way to cure the disease is by _______ .

A. eating better　　　　　　　B. eating more starches

C. eating fruits　　　　　　　D. drinking pure water

75. The United Nations can help to put an end to kwashiorkor by sending _______.

A. drugs

B. food with high protein content

C. medical teams

D. clean food

Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently—animals.
　　That’s right, animals. Scientists have begun to understand what farmers have known for thousands of years. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. Cows broke their halters (缰绳) and tried to escape. Chickens refused to enter their cage. All of this unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in the earth, warned Chinese scientists of the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.
　　One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It’s not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1977, for example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his enclosure. The Australian horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It’s also difficult at times to tell the difference between normal animal restlessness and “earthquake nerves”. A zoo keeper once called earthquake researchers to say that his cougar had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.
　　A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kind of warnings the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can sense tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict quakes.
　　A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were shut in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. (Several small quakes often come before or after a large one.) Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boom caused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to bark during a silent period. A scientist who was recording quakes looked at his machine. It was acting as though there were a loud noise too. The scientist realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.
In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing extraordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing something we measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know it is a danger signal, is a job for future scientists.
【小题1】Through the passage the writer hopes to explore __________.

A．why animals send a danger signal before an earthquake

B．how animals know when an earthquake is coming

C．why animals not men have good sense of danger

D．how much animals know about an earthquake

【小题2】 During an earthquake in China in 1975, _________.

A．chickens refused to go out of their cage

B．snakes were frozen to death in their caves

C．snakes awoke from their winter sleep earlier

D．cows broke their halters and escaped from their sheds

【小题3】Which of the following is one of earthquake nerves according to the passage?

A．An Arabian horse tried to escape from his enclosure.

B．A cougar had an upset stomach unexpectedly.

C．An Australian horse was perfectly calm.

D．A cat acted very strangely in a zoo.

【小题4】The scientists did an experiment with a group of dogs to _________.

A．find out that the machine could record unusual happenings

B．compare the reactions of animals and those of humans

C．prove that animals could sense more than humans

D．find out what exact warnings animals sent