第二节语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。

Child labor has been a problem for many years. Over a hundred years ago, Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when he described the conditions ___31___ which young children worked in British factories. The conditions Dickens described continue, almost unchanged today, in many parts of the world. The only difference is ___32___ today’s employment of children is confined to small industries and family businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and ___33___ (particular) farms, rather than to large factories. The children not only receive nothing or very ___34___ for their long hours of work, but also they ___35___ (prevent) from attending school. Therefore, when they become older they are ___36___ (able) to do any other kind of work.

The solution ___37___ the problem of child labour is clearly better laws to protect young children greater supervision (监督) of industry and heavier fines for ___38___ who break the laws. Only in this way ___39___ young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most valuable time of ___40___ lives --- childhood.

Radioactive(放射性的) pollution can be said to be the emission(排放) of radioactive substance into air, water or land due to human activities in the form of radioactive waste. Radioactive waste is usually the product of nuclear fission(核裂变), which is widely used in nuclear power stations and nuclear weapons.

The radioactivity of nuclear waste decreases with time. That means the waste needs to be separated from the reach of living beings until it no longer causes a threat to living beings. This time period may take from days to months and to years depending upon the radioactive nature of the waste.

Radioactive pollution that is spread through the earth’s atmosphere is called ‘fallout’. Nuclear pollution began to attract people’s attention during the World War II period when the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union started conducing nuclear tests. The best example of fallout is the nuclear bomb attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan in 1945 by the United States of America during World War II. As a result of the bomb attack, nearly 225,000 people died within 5 years of the attack due to the radiation effects and cancer.

In land and water, the major source of radioactive pollution remains with the nuclear fuel cycle(核燃料循环). The nuclear fuel cycle is used in nuclear power stations and extraction(提炼) of materials from nuclear substance, where the pollutants are left behind after the useful material has been extracted.

The effects of radioactive pollution were first reported in the early 20^th century when people working in uranium mines(铀矿井) suffered from skin burn and cancer. The effects vary from one individual to another. Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time, living beings may suffer from the damage to the DNA cells, which results in cancer, genetic defects for the generations to come and even death.

In a word, since every coin has its two sides, it’s a good idea to prevent from its disadvantages while making full use of its advantages.

Toyota’s chief executive said the company grew too fast to        safety controls．

---He made up his mind to devote his life________pollution_______happily.

A．to prevent;to live                       B．to prevent;from living

C．to preventing; to live                     D．to preventing;from living

We must do what we can to ____________the river ______________.