（山东省淄博市2010届高三第一次摸底考试）

C

Doctors are reporting a severe form of swine flu that goes straight to the lungs, causing severe illness in otherwise healthy young people and requiring expensive hospital treatment, the World Health Organization said on Friday.

Some countries are reporting that as many as 15 percent of patients infected（感染）with the new H1N1 virus need hospital care, further straining already overburdened healthcare systems, WHO said.

“During the winter season in the southern parts of the world, several countries have viewed the need for intensive care as the greatest burden on health services,” it said.

“Preparedness measures need to predict this increased demand on intensive care units, which could be overwhelmed by a sudden burst in the number of severe cases.”

Earlier, WHO reported that H1N1 had reached epidemic（蔓延）levels in Japan, signaling an early start to what may be a long influenza season this year, and that it was also worsening in tropical regions.

“Perhaps most significantly, clinicians from around the world are reporting a very severe form of disease, also in young and otherwise healthy people, which is rarely seen during seasonal influenza infections,” WHO said.

“In these patients, the virus directly infects the lung, causing severe respiratory（呼吸）failure. Saving these lives depends on highly specialized and demanding care in intensive care units, usually with long and costly stays.”

WHO estimates that more than 230 million people globally have asthma（哮喘）, and more than 220 million have diabetes（糖尿病）. Obesity may also worsen the risk of severe infection, WHO said. The good news -- people infected with AIDS virus do not seem to be at special risk from H1N1, WHO said.

66. The newly-discovered swine flu is quite different in that ___________.

A. it needs no hospital treatment

B. it can attack elder citizens easily

C. it directly destroys people’s brains

D. it causes people respiratory failure

67. The underlined word “straining” in the 2^nd paragraph most probably means ____________.

A. improving      B. reducing      C. worsening      D. causing

68. From the passage we know ____________.

A. the influenza season this year will not last long

B. people don’t necessarily prepare for the burst of swine flu

C. the greatest burden on health services is the shortage of doctors

D. it will cost a lot of money to cure those infected with H1N1

69. According to WHO, people with ____________ are less likely to suffer from H1N1.

A. AIDS virus     B. diabetes      C. asthma        D. obesity

70. The author intends to ___________.

A. introduce a new type of hospital treatment

B. warn people of a severe form of swine flu

C. make people know the cause of swine flu

D. tell people how to protect from swine flu

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska，Canada and Siberia warm the climate，scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.

This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions.Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade.Scientists predict that with climate warming，fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season.Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming，while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.

This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate.Earlier studies by other scientists had suggested that fires in northern regions sped up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants were released into the atmosphere and thus trapped heat.

Scientists found that right after the fire，large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming.Ozone (臭氧) levels increased，and ashes from the fire fell on far?off sea ice，darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in.The following spring，however，the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire，because fewer trees covered the ground.Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space，leading to cooling.

“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，” scientists said.They tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire，and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature.Typically，fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years.Scientists，however，found that when fire occurs more frequently，more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results.Specifically，they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted,0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases，but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space.The net effect is cooling.Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.

1.According to the new findings，taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may________.

A．result in a warming climate

B．cause more forest fires

C．lead to a longer fire season

D．protect the forests there

2.The following are the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT________.

A．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere

B．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase

C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space

D．ashes from the fire fall on the ice and darken the surface

3.Earlier studies about northern forest fires________.

A．had analyzed all aspects of how northern fires influenced climate

B．had indicated that forest fires would pollute the atmosphere

C．had suggested that people should take measures to protect environment

D．had suggested that the fires would speed up climate warming

4.We can infer that forest fires in Alaska，Canada and Siberia may________.

A．warm the climate as the supposition goes

B．cool the climate by reflecting more sunlight into atmosphere

C．make more space for the growth of young trees

D．help to gain more energy rather than release more energy

Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.

　　To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a mainly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.

　　Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to reducing biodiversity.

　　All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require thorough thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are certainly more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static(稳定的)measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.

　　What is important is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.

1.How do people often measure progress in agriculture?

A. By its impact on the environment             B. By its contribution to economic growth

C. By its productivity                          D. By its sustainability

2.Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in               .

A. Localized pollution                          B. The shrinking of farmland

C. the decrease of biodiversity                 D. competition from overseas3. What does the author think of traditional farming practices?

　　A. They are not necessarily sustainable　　         B. They have not kept pace with population growth

　　C. They have remained the same over the centuries   D. They are environmentally friendly

4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?

　　A. It will abandon traditional farming practices　　    B. It will mainly keep traditional farming

　　C. It will go through complete changes 　　     D. It will cause zero damage to the environment

5.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

　　A. To remind people of the need of sustainable development.

　　B. To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.

　　C. To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.

　　D. To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.

We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different times of day. This is so    1    that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one    2    understands why flowers open and close like this at particular times. The process is not as    3    as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in constant    4   . We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they    5    do. As a matter of fact, they    6    to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some mysterious(神秘的) way of knowing the    7   . Their sense of time does not    8    information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock”.

This    9    may not seem to be very important. However, it was later found that not just plants but also    10   , including man, have this “inner clock” which    11    the working of their bodies and influences their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this mysterious    12   . Whether we wish it or not, it affects such things in our life as our need for sleep, our need for food.

In the past, this did not really    13    because people lived in natural condition. In the    14    world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in ordinary life, a lot of people who have to work at night. It would be very   15  , then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.

1.A. familiar       B. strange      C. similar          D. special

2.A. partly     B. personally       C. really           D. willingly

3.A. complex        B. simple           C. mature           D. meaningful

4.A. quietness      B. darkness     C. loneliness       D. sadness

5.A. finally        B. completely       C. physically       D. normally

6. A. refused       B. decided      C. continued        D. failed

7.A. time           B. secret           C. process      D. study

8.A. deal with      B. add to           C. give away        D. depend on

9.A. discovery  B. activity     C. invention        D. method

10.A. beasts        B. animals      C. strangers        D. humans

11.A. controls      B. studies          C. measures     D. destroys

12. A. world        B. flower           C. power            D. experiment

13.A. happen        B. exist            C. matter           D. work

14.A. ancient       B. modern       C. wonderful        D. peaceful

15.A. hard      B. expensive        C. convenient       D. important

To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount．That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal．

After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn't．

“We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen this benefit before, ”said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain's Medical Research Council．“The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from．”

Study participants（参与者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．

Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．

“We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically（理论上地）possible．”

“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”

1.Which of the following DOESN'T belong to the four healthy habits?

A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．

B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day．

C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．

D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．

2.We can learn from the passage that             ．

A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study．

B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes．

C．there's no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits．

D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors．

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．

B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．

C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．

D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they're good．

4.What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years

B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life

C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years

D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others