CDMA is " spread spectrum (频谱) " technology, which means that it spreads the information contained in a particular signal of interest over a much greater bandwidth (带宽) than the original signal.
When implemented (实现) in a cellular telephone system, CDMA offers numerous benefits to the cellular operators and their subscribers (订户). Following is an overview of CDMA benefits:
1. Improved call quality, with better and more consistent sound.
2. Simplified system planning through the use of the same frequency in every sector of every cell.
3. Increased talk time for portables.
4. Bandwidth on demand.
Compared with GSM ( Global System for Mobile communication ), which was developed mainly in Europe, the CDMA system matured (成熟) later and has better efficiency, low radiation, high voice quality and ability to adopt third-generation communications technology.
China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and now India will make up the major market for CDMA technology in addition to the United States, the Republic of Korea, Japan and Australia to  ensure that CDMA users can receive phone calls from overseas.
56. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. CDMA has a clearer and higher sound than GSM.
B. You will not hear a better and more consistent sound if you don't use CDMA.
C. CDMA has the ability to adopt third-generation communications technology.
D. The original signal cannot satisfy the demand for bandwidth.
57. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. CDMA has low radiation and high voice quality.
B. CDMA can help you to have a long-time talk.
C. China and some Asian countries will have a large market for CDMA technology in future.
D. It's much simpler to use CDMA than GSM.
58. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Compared with GSM, CDMA has more benefits.
B. Some information on CDMA and its advantages.
C. CDMA will probably take the place of GSM some day.
D. CDMA is more effective and healthy.

    CDMA is " spread spectrum (频谱) " technology, which means that it spreads the information contained in a particular signal of interest over a much greater bandwidth (带宽) than the original signal.

    When implemented (实现) in a cellular telephone system, CDMA offers numerous benefits to the cellular operators and their subscribers (订户). Following is an overview of CDMA benefits:

    1. Improved call quality, with better and more consistent sound.

    2. Simplified system planning through the use of the same frequency in every sector of every cell.

    3. Increased talk time for portables.

    4. Bandwidth on demand.

    Compared with GSM ( Global System for Mobile communication ), which was developed mainly in Europe, the CDMA system matured (成熟) later and has better efficiency, low radiation, high voice quality and ability to adopt third-generation communications technology.

    China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and now India will make up the major market for CDMA technology in addition to the United States, the Republic of Korea, Japan and Australia to  ensure that CDMA users can receive phone calls from overseas.

 56. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

     A. CDMA has a clearer and higher sound than GSM.

     B. You will not hear a better and more consistent sound if you don't use CDMA.

     C. CDMA has the ability to adopt third-generation communications technology.

     D. The original signal cannot satisfy the demand for bandwidth.

 57. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

     A. CDMA has low radiation and high voice quality.

     B. CDMA can help you to have a long-time talk.

     C. China and some Asian countries will have a large market for CDMA technology in future.

      D. It's much simpler to use CDMA than GSM.

58. What is the main idea of this passage?

     A. Compared with GSM, CDMA has more benefits.

     B. Some information on CDMA and its advantages.

     C. CDMA will probably take the place of GSM some day.

D. CDMA is more effective and healthy.

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial (商业的) world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial (金钱的) considerations.

Helen Lee took a 70％cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects (前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

The influence of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a medicine company before returning to university as a post doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual chances.

Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more important, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the change to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential (潜力) in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

1.By “a one-way street” in Paragraph 1, the author means ______.

2.The underlined word “deterrent” most probably refers to “something that ______”.

3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

4.What can industrial scientists do when they come to teach in a university?

All areas of the world face a nurses shortage. But the shortage is most severe in developing countries. Many of their nurses move to the more developed nations for better pay, better working conditions and better chances for career development. For example, nearly 2,000 nurses left the Caribbean between 2002 and 2006.

       The Caribbean nations currently have about 1 nurse for every 1,000 people. The ratio(比例) of nurses to population is about 10 times higher in the United States and countries in the European Union(EU). Now, more than 21,000 nurses who trained in the Caribbean are working in the United States, Canada and Britain.

       Gaetan Lafortune is an official of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(O.E.C.D) in Paris. He says the nurses shortage also affects industrialized countries. He says, “There is concern in most O.E.C.D.countries that the number of nurses is too small to meet the demand. And what is more worrying is that their concern is sort of growing.” Mr Lafortune says a large number of nurses are expected to retire within the next 10 years. At the same time, the health care needs of aging populations are expected to grow, intensifying the shortage of nurses.

       Gaetan Lafortune said, “In the U.S., for instance, some researchers have found that there may be a shortage of close to a million nurses by 2020.” The United States is 1 of the 21 countries in the O.C.E.D. Gaetan Lafortune says in the recent years many of the countries increased their efforts to hire foreign nurses. As a result of that, O.E.C.D. countries were mainly exporting their shortage problem to countries that may have an even greater need for these nurses.

What will be the main causes of the global nurses shortage in the next 10 years?

       a. The demand for nurses will decrease.                    

b. Many nurses will be too old to work.

       c. Many rich countries will hire more foreign nurses. 

d. Nurses are often looked down upon.

       e. Aging populations will increase rapidly

       A. a and b             B. b and c              C. b and e              D. c and d

The underlined word “intensify” in para. 3 means “________”.

       A. strengthen         B. neglect            C. reduce               D. cause

We know from this text that America and the EU countries ______.

       A. refuse to offer equal pay to foreign nurses

       B. have at least one nurse out of 100 people

       C. don’t like to train nurses of their own countries

       D. have more serious nursing problems than the Caribbean nations

What does the text mainly tell us?

       A. Nursing is no longer a worthwhile profession in most countries.

       B. The different attitudes towards nursing in different countries.

       C. Nurses shortage will result in serious consequences.

       D. The health care industry needs more nurses.

       International Studies （BA）

       Key features

       ● Recognizes the “global community”（国际社会）

       ● Has close connections with practical research

       ● Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groups

       About the course

       The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.

       The course puts theories into the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries. You will also have a better knowledge of methods of solving the international problems.

       Related（相关的）courses

       BA （Hons） Community Management

       BA （Hons） Public Policy and Management

       Employment possibilities

       International organizations

       International business

       Earth Science （BSc）

       Key features

       ● Based on key courses and the latest research findings

       ● Pays much attention to practical skills

       ● Offers chances for fieldwork（实地考察）

       About the course

       The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind. Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand, and in knowing the meaning of using the natural resources.

       The course covers geography and geology. You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly overseas, and a research in an area of interest to you in the final year.

       Related courses

       BSc （Hons） Geograhpy

       BSc （Hons） Geology

       Employment possibilities

       Mineral, oil, water or other related engineering industries

64．International Studies is a course in ________.

       A．international polities       B．international business

       C．international systems       D．international bodies

65．After taking the course of International Studies, the students will _______.

       A．become practical and open-minded B．have a greater ability to discuss theories

       C．know how to settle international problems

       D．have good jobs in any international organizations

66．Earth Science, as described in the second text, ________.

       A．is attractive because of the chances for fieldwork

       B．pays more attention to practical skills than theories

       C．is built on important courses and the results of recent studies

       D．encourages students to play a role in using natural resources

67．It can be inferred that the above two texts are written for the students who _______.

       A．enjoy research work B．plan to choose courses

       C．study in the UK              D．are interested in overseas fieldwork