Fruit or juice, which is nutritionally superior? This is almost the same as the age-old question: The chicken or the egg, which came first?

　 Usually, juicers remove the juice and some pulp (果肉) from fruits and/or vegetables. It takes a lot of fruit to make a container of juice. We do get all of the vitamins, minerals, beneficial plant chemicals and carbohydrates in juice out of a whole fruit. But we do not get much of the fiber, the part that aids our digestive process, fills us up, and may help protect us against heart diseases and certain cancers.

　 However, you may be surprised to discover that some juices actually contain more necessary nutrients (营养). For example, apples are not a good source of vitamin C, but many types of apple juice are fortified with vitamin C.

　 Juice typically has more calories than fresh fruit due to added sugar and less fiber. If calories are your primary concern, choose fresh fruit over juice and use water to quench your thirst. You can also look for low-calorie cranberry juice, typically sweetened with sugar substitute. We do not feel as filled up from juice because it does not contain any fiber. For many people, drinking a caloric beverage (饮料), such as juice, is not as satisfying as eating the same amount of calories in food. For those of us who need to increase caloric intake (such as athletes, children, or teens) juice is a GREAT choice.

　　　 Kids love the taste of pure fruit juice, and parents love it because it is a healthy source of nutrients. But avoid junk fruit beverages which are mistaken for juice blends that contain various fruits like grape, apple and pear. These juices do not have the natural levels of vital nutrients that 100 percent pure juices like orange juice provide.

56. According to the passage, you’d better have _______ to help prevent heart disease.

　　　 A. fruit　　　　　　　　 B. juice　　　　　　　　 C. calories　　　　　　 D. minerals

57. What can we learn from this passage?

　　　 A. We can get out of fruit all the nutrients which aid our digestive process.

　　　 B. We can hardly determine which provides more nutrients, juice or fruit.

　　　 C. People may prefer juice to food in taking in the same amount of calories.

　　　 D. If you want more calories, fruit might be your better choice.

58. The underlined word “blends” in Paragraph5 probably means “______”.

　　　 A. containers B. products C. substitutes D. mixtures

59. The author writes the passage mainly _______.

　　　 A. to remind people of negative effects of juice

　　　 B. to call on people to drink more juice

　　　 C. to help people learn more about fruit and juice

　　　 D. to persuade people to avoid junk juice containing various fruits

Fruit or juice, which is nutritionally superior? This is almost the same as the age-old question: The chicken or the egg, which came first?

　 Usually, juicers remove the juice and some pulp (果肉) from fruits and/or vegetables. It takes a lot of fruit to make a container of juice. We do get all of the vitamins, minerals, beneficial plant chemicals and carbohydrates in juice out of a whole fruit. But we do not get much of the fiber, the part that aids our digestive process, fills us up, and may help protect us against heart diseases and certain cancers.

　 However, you may be surprised to discover that some juices actually contain more necessary nutrients (营养). For example, apples are not a good source of vitamin C, but many types of apple juice are fortified with vitamin C.

　 Juice typically has more calories than fresh fruit due to added sugar and less fiber. If calories are your primary concern, choose fresh fruit over juice and use water to quench your thirst. You can also look for low-calorie cranberry juice, typically sweetened with sugar substitute. We do not feel as filled up from juice because it does not contain any fiber. For many people, drinking a caloric beverage (饮料), such as juice, is not as satisfying as eating the same amount of calories in food. For those of us who need to increase caloric intake (such as athletes, children, or teens) juice is a GREAT choice.

　　　 Kids love the taste of pure fruit juice, and parents love it because it is a healthy source of nutrients. But avoid junk fruit beverages which are mistaken for juice blends that contain various fruits like grape, apple and pear. These juices do not have the natural levels of vital nutrients that 100 percent pure juices like orange juice provide.

56. According to the passage, you’d better have _______ to help prevent heart disease.

　　　 A. fruit　　　　　　　　 B. juice　　　　　　　　 C. calories　　　　　　 D. minerals

57. What can we learn from this passage?

　　　 A. We can get out of fruit all the nutrients which aid our digestive process.

　　　 B. We can hardly determine which provides more nutrients, juice or fruit.

　　　 C. People may prefer juice to food in taking in the same amount of calories.

　　　 D. If you want more calories, fruit might be your better choice.

58. The underlined word “blends” in Paragraph5 probably means “______”.

　　　 A. containers B. products C. substitutes D. mixtures

59. The author writes the passage mainly _______.

　　　 A. to remind people of negative effects of juice

　　　 B. to call on people to drink more juice

　　　 C. to help people learn more about fruit and juice

　　　 D. to persuade people to avoid junk juice containing various fruits

           The National School Lunch Program

The majority of America’s schools participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), which provides low-cost or free lunches to more than 30 million kids a day. Signed into law in 1946 by President Harry S. Truman, the government originally started the program to absorb remaining farm products, while providing meals to school age children.

Any school district or independent nonprofit school participating in the NSLP receives cash and food from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). In turn, the school’s meals must meet national nutrition requirements which are as follows:

No more than 30 percent of the meal’s calories may come from fat. Meals must provide one-third of the recommended protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, iron and calorie intakes.

It is worth noting that many experts feel these national nutrition guidelines are out of date and that some fast food provided by the NSLP isn't much healthier than some fast food. President Obama’s White House chef , for example, states the NSLP meals are high in fat. Parents and nutrition experts alike are calling for a complete review of the program.

Budget Challenges

Providing healthy school lunches within a limited budget is a challenge. Most schools today don’t even have full kitchens due to school lunch budget drops. Food is instead prepared outside or simply heated up and served at the school.

School Lunch Alternatives

Some school districts may find the NSLP unsatisfactory and instead provide other options. For example, the Farm-to-School Program aims to connect schools with local farms. Students can learn about the journey of their food “from farm to fork”, and local products appear in school meals. School gardens also provide opportunities for nutrition education, as well as produce food that can be offered at the school cafeteria. Of course, these programs require money and resources, and it is up to the school district to figure out how to get them.

60. According to the text, the NSLP _________.

   A. provides completely free food to children

   B. applies to all of America’s schools

   C. did not come into force legally until 1946

   D. mainly provided school meals when it first started

61. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?

   A. Obama’s chef likes NSLP food very much.

   B. Food from the NSLP is healthier than fast food.

   C. Many parents are worried about the program.

   D. The national nutrition guidelines are still good.

62. Sometimes schools prepare food for their students outside because _______.

   A. parents asked the schools to do so

   B. the government allows the school to do so

   C. it is cleaner and healthier than food produced on campus

   D. the school lunch budget is limited

63. What can we learn about the Farm-to-School Program?

   A. Students can learn a lot from it.    B. It is based on a free-of-charge rule.

   C. It has replace the NSLP in most places.   D. The school cannot buy local products.

                         

Fruit or juice, which is nutritionally superior? This is almost the same as the age-old question: The chicken or the egg, which came first?

　 Usually, juicers remove the juice and some pulp (果肉) from fruits and/or vegetables. It takes a lot of fruit to make a container of juice. We do get all of the vitamins, minerals, beneficial plant chemicals and carbohydrates in juice out of a whole fruit. But we do not get much of the fiber, the part that aids our digestive process, fills us up, and may help protect us against heart diseases and certain cancers.

　 However, you may be surprised to discover that some juices actually contain more necessary nutrients (营养). For example, apples are not a good source of vitamin C, but many types of apple juice are fortified with vitamin C.

　 Juice typically has more calories than fresh fruit due to added sugar and less fiber. If calories are your primary concern, choose fresh fruit over juice and use water to quench your thirst. You can also look for low-calorie cranberry juice, typically sweetened with sugar substitute. We do not feel as filled up from juice because it does not contain any fiber. For many people, drinking a caloric beverage (饮料), such as juice, is not as satisfying as eating the same amount of calories in food. For those of us who need to increase caloric intake (such as athletes, children, or teens) juice is a GREAT choice.

　　　 Kids love the taste of pure fruit juice, and parents love it because it is a healthy source of nutrients. But avoid junk fruit beverages which are mistaken for juice blends that contain various fruits like grape, apple and pear. These juices do not have the natural levels of vital nutrients that 100 percent pure juices like orange juice provide.

56. According to the passage, you’d better have _______ to help prevent heart disease.

　　　 A. fruit　　　　　　　　 B. juice　　　　　　　　 C. calories　　　　　　 D. minerals

57. What can we learn from this passage?

　　　 A. We can get out of fruit all the nutrients which aid our digestive process.

　　　 B. We can hardly determine which provides more nutrients, juice or fruit.

　　　 C. People may prefer juice to food in taking in the same amount of calories.

　　　 D. If you want more calories, fruit might be your better choice.

58. The underlined word “blends” in Paragraph5 probably means “______”.

　　　 A. containers B. products C. substitutes D. mixtures

59. The author writes the passage mainly _______.

　　　 A. to remind people of negative effects of juice

　　　 B. to call on people to drink more juice

　　　 C. to help people learn more about fruit and juice

　　　 D. to persuade people to avoid junk juice containing various fruits

Recently some American scientists have given a useful sincere piece of advice to people in industrialized nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.

The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since humans first appeared on the earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times, so they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes ( 中风 ) are examples of such diseases.

Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic or tame ones ( 家畜 ). They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They didn’t have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of these. We eat six times more salt than our remote ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.

People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate much the same way as remote ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.

What is the main cause that people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?

A. Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise.

B. People today have a lot of alcohol.

C. People today have more tobacco.

D. Food today is quite different from that of ancient times.

Which of the following belongs to the dairy products?

A. Milk              B. Corn     C. Pork             D. Flour

New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ________.

A. the human body has changed compared with humans who first appeared on the earth

B. the way we live has changed a little

C. our body can’t deal with the changes in life style

D. the way we live today is proper for the human body

According to some scientists, Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of ________.

A. milk and other dairy products                        B. salt and sugar

C. wild animals, fresh wild vegetables and fruits     D. grain foods