I travel a lot, and I find out different "styles" (风格) of directions every time 1 ask "How can I get to the post office?"

Foreign tourists are often confused (困惑) in Japan because most streets there don't have names in Japan, people use landmarks (地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, "Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop."

In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, "Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile."

People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. "How far away is the post office?" you ask. "Oh," they answer, "it's about five minutes from here." You say, "Yes, but how many miles away is it?" They don't know.

It's true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, 'Sorry, I have no idea." But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers "I don't know." People in Yucatan believe that "I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!

1. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place they usually _________

A．describe the place carefully	B．show him a map of the place
C．tell him the names of the streets	D．refer to recognizable buildings and places

2.What is the place where people measure distance in time?

A．New York.

B．Los Angeles.

C．Kansas.

D．Iowa

3.People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________

A．in order to save time

B．as a test

C．so as to be polite

D．for fun

4. Which sentence is true according to the text?

A．There is no street names in Japan.

B．There is no landmarks in the countryside of American.

C．People in Yucatan always give wrong answers when asked the way.

D．People in Los Angeles measure distance in time, not miles when asked the way.

5. What can we infer from the text?

A．It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.

B．It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.

C．People have similar understandings of politeness.

D．New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.

 

A new report says the number of foreign students at colleges and universities in the United States increased by three percent last year. This has been the first obvious increase since 2001.

American schools last fall had 583,000 foreign students. The record is 586,000. That was set in 2002 after many years of gains. But after that the numbers fell. The terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001 led to more visa (??) requirements. Now stronger efforts are being made to get more foreign students to study in the United States.

China remained in second place in front of South Korea but behind India, which sent almost 84,000 students last fall. The number of Japanese fell sharply by nine percent, although it remained in fourth place.

There were three percent drops from Indonesia and Kenya, the only African country in the top twenty last year. But there were obvious increases from Saudi Arabia, Nepal and Vietnam. The number of Saudi students more than doubled, rising to nearly eight thousand.

For a sixth year, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles had the most foreign students. Columbia University in New York was second. Other schools in the top five were New York University, the University of Illinois and Purdue University.

Unlike American students in other countries, who often choose history and language study, the leading area of study in the USA was business and management. Second was engineering.

The new report also says more than 220,000 Americans studied in other countries. That was during the 2005-2006 school year. It was a record number, and an increase of eight and a half percent from the year before. But only five percent of them stayed for a full year.

1 After 2002, the number of foreign students in the USA fell mainly because ____ .

A. Americans were worried that foreign students might attack them

B. few American universities welcomed students from abroad

C. their own countries could offer them a better education

D. it was harder for foreign students to get permission to study in the USA

2 Which of the following Asian countries has the largest number of students studying in the USA?

A. China.           B. Japan.           C. South Korea.  D. India.

3 Which subject is the most attractive to foreign students in the USA?

A. Business and management.       B. History.

C. Engineering.                        D. Language.

4We can learn from the passage that ____ .

A. Kenya is the only African country that has students in the USA

B. now foreign students are encouraged to study in the USA

C. the number of students studying in America always increases

D. the number of foreign students in the USA will keep increasing in the future

5 In which section of a newspaper could you most probably read this passage?

A. Culture.         B. Science.         C. Education.     D. Business.

 

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind?s future 3 and cultural growth increased.

　　Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.

16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated

2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite

3.A.attainments B.feasibilityC.entertainments D.evolution

4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible

5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince

6.A.for B.from C.of D.with

7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children

8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion

9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike

10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological

11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation

12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words

13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower

14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved

15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions

16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When

17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated

18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast  D.interaction

19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative

20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all

 A new report says the number of foreign students at colleges and universities in the United States increased by three percent last year. This has been the first obvious increase since 2001.

American schools last fall had 583,000 foreign students. The record is 586,000. That was set in 2002 after many years of gains. But after that the numbers fell. The terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001 led to more visa (签证) requirements. Now stronger efforts are being made to get more foreign students to study in the United States.

China remained in second place in front of South Korea but behind India, whichsent almost 84,000 students last fall. The number of Japanese fell sharply by nine percent, although it remained in fourth place.

There were three percent drops from Indonesia and Kenya, the only African country in the top twenty last year. But there were obvious increases from Saudi Arabia, Nepal and Vietnam. The number of Saudi students more than doubled, rising to nearly eight thousand.

For a sixth year, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles had the most foreign students. Columbia University in New York was second. Other schools in the top five were New York University, the University of Illinois and Purdue University.

Unlike American students in other countries, who often choose history and language study, the leading area of study in the USA was business and management. Second was engineering.

The new report also says more than 220,000 Americans studied in other countries. That was during the 2005-2006 school year. It was a record number, and an increase of eight and a half percent from the year before. But only five percent of them stayed for a full year.

1.After 2002, the number of foreign students in the USA fell mainly because ____.

A．Americans were worried that foreign students might attack them

B．few American universities welcomed students from abroad

C．their own countries could offer them a better education

D．it was harder for foreign students to get permission to study in the USA

2.Which of the following Asian countries has the largest number of studentsstudying

in the USA?

A．China.            B．Japan.            C．South Korea.       D．India.

3.Which subject is the most attractive to foreign students in the USA?

A．Business and management.                B．History.

C．Engineering.                           D．Language.

4.We can learn from the passage that ____ .

A．Kenya is the only African country that has students in the USA

B．now foreign students are encouraged to study in the USA

C．the number of students studying in America always increases

D．the number of foreign students in the USA will keep increasing in the future

5.In which section of a newspaper could you most probably read this passage?

A．Culture.           B．Science.           C．Education.         D．Business.

 

Interest in pursuing international careers has risen in recent years strengthened by permanent personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.

Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.

When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one--or two--page document describing one's educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the company culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to include two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.

　　"Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of 'cross--border' job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience. "

Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your 'oldest' work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format. "

If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the receiver uses British English or American English because there are changes between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as 'tertiary education' in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these changes may assume that your resume contains errors.

1.Companies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.

A. they find foreign employees are usually more talented

B. they need original ideas from employees hired overseas

C. they want to expand their business beyond home borders

D. they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home

2.The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.

A. is usually creative

B. aims to improve his foreign language skills

C. is dissatisfied with his own life at home

D. seeks either his own or his children's development

3.When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.

A. take cultural factors into consideration

B. learn about the company's hiring process

C. follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting

D. know the employer's personal likes and dislikes

4.When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to __________.

A. stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker

B. give the title of the university degree they have earned at home

C. provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences

D. emphasize their interest in pursuing a 'cross-border' career

5.According to the author's last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________.

A. the different educational systems in the US and the UK

B. the differences between the changes of English

C. the receiver's preference with regard to the format

D. the special characteristics of American and British cultures