All sorts of things become litter(垃圾) but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette
butts(烟头) and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic
bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment.
     Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1,600 billion cigarettes are
smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4. 5
trillion cigarette butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the
environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where
they reduce the quality of the water and cause danger to plants and animals that live there. So, if people
have to smoke, they shouldn't throw away the cigarette butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead.
     Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several
reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non-renewable resources(资源). If they are
not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. A large
number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the
environment. They float easily in the air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers,
parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to 1,000,000 seabirds, 100, 000 sea mammals and
countless fish each year worldwide. It is up to people not to let plastic bags become litter. It would be
better if they used fewer and recycled them.
     Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. And we would
know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would
be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.

1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
( 1= paragraph 1;  2= paragraph 2;   3= paragraph 3;   4= paragraph 4 )

A. para1+para2,3,4      
B. para1+para2,3+para4    
C. para1,2,3+para4      
D.para1,2+para3,4

2. The word "toxic" in the paragraph 2 most probably mean "________"

A. valuable    
B. useless      
C. extra          
D. harmful

3. From  the text. we know the fact that_________

A. plastic bags cause 1 million deaths of seabirds each year worldwide
B. Chinese smokers litter up to 4. 5 trillion cigarette ends every year
C. the cigarette ends can last 20 to 1,000 years in the environment of China
D. people in the world use 2 billion plastic bags in a single day

4. What's probably the best title of the passage?

A. Say Goodbye to Smoking                      
B. Protect the Sea Animals    
C. Clean Up Your Cigarette ends and Bags    
D. Use Paper Bags Now