Teenagers who drink alcohol are at higher risk of becoming victims of violence, a Cardiff University study has found.

A team from the School of Dentistry’ s Violence Research Group studied drinking habits in children aged 11 - 16 in England. They found not only a link between drink and violence but also that children who drank were more likely to be hit, even if they weren’t violent themselves.

The researchers are now calling for measures to prevent alcohol misuse to reduce injury risk. Current policy focuses on reducing aggression but this research shows that there should be equal effort to reduce victimization.

More than 4,000 children were surveyed at 13 schools at four local authorities in the North, the Midlands, London, and the South. The study found that 25% of 11-year-olds were drinking monthly and 3.6% daily, with 12.8% admitting to getting drunk 3 to 5 times a year. By the age of 16, 40% were drinking weekly and 6.2% were drinking every day. The research also showed 22.6% of 16-year-olds were getting drunk more than 21 times a year.

The study, which has just been published in the Journal of Adolescence, found a strong link between frequency of drinking and frequency of hitting other people.

However, children who reported drinking monthly were also three times more likely to be hit. Adolescents（青少年） who drank but didn’t get into fights were more likely to be hit than those who did fight.

Professor Jonathan Shepherd, who led the research, said a lot of previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders（惹事的人） rather than the victims. His team is calling for more prevention work from parents and teachers in the first two years of secondary school by taking advantage of the “teachable moment”，that is, immediately after a student has missed school because of drunkenness.

Previous work by Professor Jonathan Shepherd has shown drinkers may be more at risk of violence because of reduced physical co-ordination, poor decision-making in threatening situations and isolation while out late at night. He said, “This new study seems to be the first to show a direct link between alcohol misuse and victimization. There now needs to be much more effort put into reducing alcohol misuse in order to reduce injury.”

61. The main idea of the passage is that teenagers who drink alcohol ________.

A. often offend other people

B. often become injured

C. are more likely to become victims of violence

D. are more likely to fight with others

62. The underlined word “aggression” in the third paragraph probably means “________”．

A. violence　　　 B. sad feelings       C. bad manners          D. drunkenness

63. The research argues that more effort should be made to ________.

A. reduce aggression            B. prevent fighting

C. reduce victimization          D. prevent drinking alcohol

64. Drinkers may be more at risk of violence because of all the following EXCEPT ________.

A. reduced physical co-ordination          B. isolation while out late at night

C. a higher frequency of hitting other people

D. poor decision-making in threatening situations

65. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Professor Shepherd’ s research?

A. The frequency of children getting drunk increases with age.

B. His previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offenders.

C. Some children missed school because of drunkenness.

D. This new study shows a direct link between alcohol misuse and victimization.

From the health point of view we are living in an amazing age. We are free from many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once deadly illnesses can now be cured by modern medicine. It is almost certain that one day medicines will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased greatly. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the unbelievable killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man vs the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel (方向盘), his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities．People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They say, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and completely selfish．All their hidden angers and disappointments seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is ruined by road networks; and the deaths become nothing more than a number every year, to be easily forgotten.
It is high time a world rule was created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are unbelievably lax (不严格) and even the strictest are not strict enough. A rule which was universally accepted could only have an obviously beneficial effect on the accident rate．Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict tests for safety each year. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can damage a person's driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Speed limits should be required on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for car factories, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may not sound good enough. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the number of deaths. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
【小题1】What is the main idea of this passage?

A．The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.

B．Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.

C．Thousands of people the world over are kille6 each year.

D．Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.

【小题2】What does the author think of society toward motorists?

A．Society forgives their rude driving.

B．Society laughs at the motorists.

C．Victims of accidents are nothing.

D．Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.

【小题3】What does the author mean by saying “his car becomes the extension of his personality” in Para. 2 ?

A．Driving can represent his manners.

B．Driving can show his hidden qualities.

C．Driving can bring out his character.

D．Driving can show the other part of his personality.

【小题4】Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?

A．Build more highways.

B．Stricter driving tests.

C．Test drivers every three years.

D．Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.

【小题5】The author’s attitude towards the present traffic situation is ________.

A．positive

B．unsatisfied

C．appealing

D．unclear

To our great relief, ______ time going on, more and more of the victims of the earthquake were rescued.

A．as               B．when             C．with              D．while

 

It happened one morning 20 years ago. A British scientist Alec Jeffrey came across DNA fingerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.

The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict(证明…有罪) murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.

Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic variations(变异). But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents’ son.·In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two murders and helped convict another man.

DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples. The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person’s privacy. That includes a person’s medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. “There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person’s paternity(父子关系) or risk of disease,” Jeffrey said.

DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Still, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates the probability of two individuals’ DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at one in a billion.

 

1.According to the text, DNA testing can NOT be used in _______ .

A. doing criminal investigations        B. deciding faraily law

C. clearmg wrongly accused people       D. telling twins apart

2.DNA samples are not popular with all the people because _______ .

A. the government in Britain establishes a criminal database

B. the US and Canada develop similar systems

C. DNA samples can be used to harm a person’s privacy

D. DNA testing is too expensive and dangerous now

3.Where will you most probably find this article?

A. In a guidebook.                      B. In a storybook.

C. In a science fiction.                D. In a scientific magazine.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Discovery of DNA testing by Jeffery    B. Practice of DNA testing in court

C. DNA testing in the present situation   D.Benefits and side effects of DNA testing

 

The victims of the accident demanded that the case ______  at once.

A．would be looked into                    B．should look into

C．be looked into                          D．look into