Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move houses quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.
On the other hand, there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long–term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.
To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer.
Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.
Some societies have “universalist” cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way. “Particularist” societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.
This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check–in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check–in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem.
【小题1】Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians ______.

Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move houses quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it’s normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.

On the other hand, there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long–term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.

To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it’s no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don’t want to answer.

Cross-cultural differences aren’t just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.

Some societies have “universalist” cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way. “Particularist” societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society’s unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.

This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check–in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check–in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn’t be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem.

1.Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians ______.

2. People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those ______.

3.Which of the following is true about “particularist societies”?

4. The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different ______.

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It is not polite to arrive at a dinner party more than 15 to 20 minutes late. The host or hostess usually waits for all the guests to arrive before __21__ the meal. If someone is late, the food may be spoiled, and so might the host or hostess’s __22__. If you have to be late, call and tell them to __23__ you.
It’s even __24__to be early! The host or hostess will probably not be__25__. If you are early, drive or walk around the block a few times, or just sit in your car __26__the right time.
Though it is often important to arrive on time, yet__27__, for open houses, the host or hostess invites guests to arrive and leave __28__a certain time. You can arrive at any time __29__the time he or she gives you.
It’s polite to bring an empty stomach, but it’s even nicer to bring a small present. The present should not cost__30__, or you might embarrass the host or hostess. Flowers, wine, or a box of candy will __31__. Never bring money as a present.
In an introduction, the order of a name: (1) the given name, (2) the family name. In other words the given name comes __32__. It’s important not only to learn and remember names, but to__33__them often in conversation. After the __34__we usually call friends by their given names. __35__may want you to call them by their titles and__36__, such as “Mr. Jones” “Mrs. Johnson” or “Dr. Brown”.
A maiden name is a woman’s family name __37__. In the United States and Canada, after a woman marries, she __38__the family name of her husband__39__her maiden name. It is now becoming __40__, however, for women to keep their maiden names after getting married.
21. A. making                              B. serving                            C. doing                               D. cooling
22. A. soul                                    B. spirits                              C. thought                           D. idea
23. A. have with　                   B. have without                 C. start with　                D. start without
24. A. nice　                             B. nicer　　                     C. worse　                       D. bad
25. A. back　　                          B. in                             C. up　                              D. ready
26. A. until                                    B. after                                C. before　                         D. by
27. A. in the other hand  B. on the other hand        C. in another hand   D. on another hand
28. A. between　                    B. among                   C. for                                    D. at
29. A. within                                B. by                                     C. on                                     D. in
30. A. many                                  B. a little                              C. a lot                                 D. a few
31. A. be well                               B. be right                           C. do well                            D. do fine
32. A. after                                   B. before                             C. first                                  D. later
33. A. recall                                  B. respect                           C. speak                             D. retell
34. A. meeting                            B. conversation　             C. introduction                   D. dinner
35. A. Older people                   B. Young people                 C. Gentlemen                   D. Doctors
36. A. given names                    B. first names                   C. family names                 D. nick names
37. A. on birth                    B. from birth            C. with birth　                D. at birth
38. A. gives                                  B. brings　                       C. carries                   D. takes
39. A. instead                              B. in place of                       C. takes place                   D. in place
40. A. important                         B. necessary                       C. special                   D. common

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It is not polite to arrive at a dinner party more than 15 to 20 minutes late. The host or hostess usually waits for all the guests to arrive before __21__ the meal. If someone is late, the food may be spoiled, and so might the host or hostess’s __22__. If you have to be late, call and tell them to __23__ you.

It’s even __24__to be early! The host or hostess will probably not be__25__. If you are early, drive or walk around the block a few times, or just sit in your car __26__the right time.

Though it is often important to arrive on time, yet__27__, for open houses, the host or hostess invites guests to arrive and leave __28__a certain time. You can arrive at any time __29__the time he or she gives you.

It’s polite to bring an empty stomach, but it’s even nicer to bring a small present. The present should not cost__30__, or you might embarrass the host or hostess. Flowers, wine, or a box of candy will __31__. Never bring money as a present.

In an introduction, the order of a name: (1) the given name, (2) the family name. In other words the given name comes __32__. It’s important not only to learn and remember names, but to__33__them often in conversation. After the __34__we usually call friends by their given names. __35__may want you to call them by their titles and__36__, such as “Mr. Jones” “Mrs. Johnson” or “Dr. Brown”.

A maiden name is a woman’s family name __37__. In the United States and Canada, after a woman marries, she __38__the family name of her husband__39__her maiden name. It is now becoming __40__, however, for women to keep their maiden names after getting married.

21. A. making                              B. serving                            C. doing                               D. cooling

22. A. soul                                    B. spirits                              C. thought                           D. idea

23. A. have with　                   B. have without                 C. start with　                D. start without

24. A. nice　                             B. nicer　　                     C. worse　                       D. bad

25. A. back　　                          B. in                             C. up　                              D. ready

26. A. until                                    B. after                                C. before　                         D. by

27. A. in the other hand  B. on the other hand        C. in another hand   D. on another hand

28. A. between　                    B. among                   C. for                                    D. at

29. A. within                                B. by                                     C. on                                     D. in

30. A. many                                  B. a little                              C. a lot                                 D. a few

31. A. be well                               B. be right                           C. do well                            D. do fine

32. A. after                                   B. before                             C. first                                  D. later

33. A. recall                                  B. respect                           C. speak                             D. retell

34. A. meeting                            B. conversation　             C. introduction                   D. dinner

35. A. Older people                   B. Young people                 C. Gentlemen                   D. Doctors

36. A. given names                    B. first names                   C. family names                 D. nick names

37. A. on birth                    B. from birth            C. with birth　                D. at birth

38. A. gives                                  B. brings　                       C. carries                   D. takes

39. A. instead                              B. in place of                       C. takes place                   D. in place

40. A. important                         B. necessary                       C. special                   D. common

第三节 完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It is not polite to arrive at a dinner party more than 15 to 20 minutes late. The host or hostess usually waits for all the guests to arrive before __21__ the meal. If someone is late, the food may be spoiled, and so might the host or hostess’s __22__. If you have to be late, call and tell them to __23__ you.

It’s even __24__to be early! The host or hostess will probably not be__25__. If you are early, drive or walk around the block a few times, or just sit in your car __26__the right time.

Though it is often important to arrive on time, yet__27__, for open houses, the host or hostess invites guests to arrive and leave __28__a certain time. You can arrive at any time __29__the time he or she gives you.

It’s polite to bring an empty stomach, but it’s even nicer to bring a small present. The present should not cost__30__, or you might embarrass the host or hostess. Flowers, wine, or a box of candy will __31__. Never bring money as a present.

In an introduction, the order of a name: (1) the given name, (2) the family name. In other words the given name comes __32__. It’s important not only to learn and remember names, but to__33__them often in conversation. After the __34__we usually call friends by their given names. __35__may want you to call them by their titles and__36__, such as “Mr. Jones” “Mrs. Johnson” or “Dr. Brown”.

A maiden name is a woman’s family name __37__. In the United States and Canada, after a woman marries, she __38__the family name of her husband__39__her maiden name. It is now becoming __40__, however, for women to keep their maiden names after getting married.

21. A. making                      B. serving                     C. doing                       D. cooling

22. A. soul                           B. spirits                      C. thought                    D. idea

23. A. have with　              B. have without             C. start with　             D. start without

24. A. nice　                             B. nicer　　                C. worse　                  D. bad

25. A. back　　                  B. in                                C. up　                       D. ready

26. A. until                          B. after                        C. before　                  D. by

27. A. in the other hand     B. on the other hand      C. in another hand      D. on another hand

28. A. between　                 B. among                         C. for                           D. at

29. A. within                       B. by                           C. on                           D. in

30. A. many                         B. a little                      C. a lot                         D. a few

31. A. be well                      B. be right                    C. do well                    D. do fine

32. A. after                          B. before                      C. first                         D. later

33. A. recall                         B. respect                         C. speak                          D. retell

34. A. meeting                        B. conversation　           C. introduction              D. dinner

35. A. Older people             B. Young people            C. Gentlemen               D. Doctors

36. A. given names               B. first names               C. family names            D. nick names

37. A. on birth                        B. from birth              C. with birth　             D. at birth

38. A. gives                         B. brings　                  C. carries                   D. takes

39. A. instead                       B. in place of                C. takes place               D. in place

40. A. important                   B. necessary                  C. special                         D. common