阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。

People elect a mayor to help run a city. The mayor makes sure that a city functions properly. It is not an easy job. A mayor must keep track of all city government with help from city councils. Mayors may be “weak”or“strong”.In cities that use a weak-mayor system, the city budget. It hires city employees, or workers. Under this system, people elect the council members and the leaders of some departments, or city offices. The council also may choose leaders for city departments. A city may have many boards and committees, which are groups that make decisions. Each group manages one city department. 1._____.The weak mayor may suggest leaders for city departments. However, the council must approve these suggestions. In most cases, the mayor cannot veto, or override a council decision.

2._____. The mayor chooses the leaders of each department. He or she makes sure that these leaders run their departments efficiently. The elected city council does not have the power to approve the leaders that the mayor chooses. The council cannot veto a decision that the mayor makes. However, the mayor has the right to veto decisions that the council makes.

Strong mayors check the work of many different city departments. These departments include fire, police, health and transportation. Some mayors may check the work of a city planning department. 3._____. In a large city, such as New York, the mayor may also check the work of other departments. These departments could include culture, prisons, parks, consumer issues, immigration and environment. New York’s mayor also chooses judges for the city courts. The mayor makes sure that the people who break the laws are punished.

A strong mayor prepares the city budget. In this sense, the mayor decides how to spend money for city services. Citizens know whom to blame if services fail. However, the mayor works with the council to figure out the needs of the city and to complete city projects.

4._____.However,he or she must stay within the law. Most cities have a written city charter that explains city laws and tells how the city and its departments should be organized. The charter also explains the duties of the mayor and other officials.

第一节  根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D、E中选出最适合放入短文空缺处的选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A．A strong mayor has a great deal of control over the government of a city

B．Such a department prepares city budge.

C．Although people elect the mayor, he or she has little power.

D．In a strong-mayor system, the elected mayor is the city’s main executive.

E．This department plans the way that the city will grow and develop.

第二节  根据短文所给的信息回答问题。

5. What’s the main idea of the passage?

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure (结构) of the food, not its chemical composition (成分)a finding that could help break away from some chemicals. Cream and butter contain pretty much the same things, so why cream should go bad much faster has been a problem. Both are small globules (小球) of one liquid spread throughout another. The difference lies in what's in the globules and what's in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the research. In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery road are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria (细菌) which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery areas of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says. When in butter, the bacteria are locked away in locked places buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, those colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self - limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies eager to see if their products can be made to stand bacterial attack through changes of the foods' structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make something used in salad cream for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid state.

1．According to the researchers, cream goes bad faster than butter because bacteria ________.

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A．are stronger in cream

B．increase their number more easily in cream than in butter

C．live on less fat in cream than in butter

D．produce less waste in cream than in butter

2．According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by ________.

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3．The underlined word“colonies” refers to ________.

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4．Commercial use of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made to stand bacterial attack ________.

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A．by changing its chemical composition

B．by turning it into a solid lump

C．while keeping its structure unchanged

D．while its liquid form remains

 One windy spring day, I observed young people having using the wind to fly their kites. Multicolored 36 of varying shapes and sizes filled the bright skies like beautiful birds darting and 37 .As the strong wind blew against the kites , a 38 kept them in control.

Instead of 39 away with the wind, they arose against it to achieve great 40 . They shook and pulled, 41 the controlling string and the long tail 42 them in tow(受支配),facing upward and against the wind. As the kites 43 and trembled against the string ,they seemed to say ,“Let me go! Let me go! I want to be 44 !” They soared(翱翔)beautiful even as they fought the restriction of the string. 45 , one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose.“Free at last”, it seemed to say,“Free to fly with the wind”.

Yet freedom from 46 simply put it at the 47 of an unsympathetic breeze . It dropped ungracefully to the ground and 48 in a wild mass of weeds and string against a dead bush.“Free at last” free to lie powerlessly in the dirt , to be blown 49 along the ground ,and to lodge lifelessly against the first obstruction.

How much like kites we sometimes are. The Heaven gives us adversity and restrictions ,rules 50 from which we can grow and gain strength.Control is a 51 counterpart to the winds of oppositions. Some of us tug at the rules so hard that we 52 soar to reach the heights we might have obtained. We keep part of the commandment and never rise 53 enough to get our tails off the ground.

Let us each rise to the great heights，54 that some of the controls that we may be unhappy under are actually the steadying force that helps us 55 and achieve．

　　If you place some beans (豆) on damp (潮湿)cotton-wool , in a few days you will see 1 they have begun to change. 2 you make them soft 3 leaving them 4 in water first, the changes will start to happen 5 .

　　The 6 skin of the bean seed , 7 as the seed-coat , splits (裂开)and a small root begins to grow 8 . A little later a tiny shoot (嫩芽) 9 out back-wards from between the seed leaves, and begins to grow upwards. The shoot slowly grows longer and 10 green 11 the root grows downwards. Side roots begin to appear on the most important and largest root.

　　It doesn't make any difference 12 way you plant the bean seed on the cotton-wool or 13 the soil; the root always grows downwards 14 the shoot grows upwards. 15 the leaves open on the shoot, the seed-leaves begin to 16 , and, in the end, they disappear.

　　If you grow a bean seed in the dark, it begins to grow 17 the usual way, but the shoot does not turn green and, 18 , the plant dies. This 19 that green plants need light to make them green, and that they cannot stay 20 for long without it.

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