Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever - increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled(减少). The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard . This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal .

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential economic uses for waste products.

1.The purpose of this passage is ________.

    A．to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply

    B．to explain industrial uses of water

    C．to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems

    D．to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem

2.Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?

    A．Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.

    B．Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water.

    C．Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population .

    D．Intensive cultivation of land require more and more chemicals.

3.The reader can conclude that _________.

    A．countries of the world will work together on pollution problems

    B．byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace

    C．science is making great progress in increasing water supplies

    D．some industries are now making economic use of wastes

4.The author gives substance to the passage through the use of________.

    A．interviews with authorities in the field of water controls

    B．opinions and personal observations

    C．definitions which clarify important terms

    D．strong arguments and persuasions

5.The underlined words "prior to"(para. 2)probably man________.

    A．after    B．during   C．before   D．beyond

 

Colleges may try to do a lot to prepare students for study abroad – telling about culture shock, warning about homesickness, recommending books about the country. But when it comes to adjusting to campus life when they return, schools haven't done as much, even though the transition is sometimes almost as difficult.

   "They can feel disoriented and depressed. They find things are not exactly the way they were when they left," said Antonio Jimenez, director of the Center for International Affairs at California State University Channel Islands in Camarillo, California, US. "They find that people don't care much about their experiences."

   Some colleges are now rethinking their approach to study abroad, recognizing that students might need almost as much help adjusting to life back home as they did getting ready to leave: students experience a sort of reverse culture shock when they return to the US.

They might be troubled by the wealth and waste they see back home or they might feel homesick for their new country and its customs. And when they try to talk about their experiences, people quickly lose interest, especially if they haven't lived abroad themselves.

Down the road, they also might find it difficult to translate their time abroad into experience that an employer finds attractive.

Some California universities have organized conferences to help students make the most of their time abroad. During a one-day event, students learn how to adjust after living abroad, talk about their experiences and incorporate them into their lives and future careers.

Blythe Cherney, 22, a senior who has studied in Thailand and Britain, found the workshops helpful.

"Any experience abroad does have an effect on you," Cherney said. "When you come back, it's important to talk about it, especially with people who know what you've been through."

Yet most universities focus more on preparation than reorientation. When students return, they might have a welcome home reception. But for the most part, universities figure students can fend for themselves.

1.Which of the following is NOT the trouble that students face when they return from studying overseas?  

A. Culture shock                       B. Homesick for their new country

C. Losing interest in their homeland   D. Difficult transition

2.The wrier is _________ the help colleges offer for the students when they return from studying overseas?   

A. pleased with                     B. dissatisfied with

C. indifferent with                 D. proud of

3.The underlined word “workshops” refers to _________.   

A. conferences where people share their experiences

B. buildings where machines are made

C. shops where books are bought

D. labs where experiments are conduct

4.After the students come back_________.                   

A. They will easily find a good job.

B. People are very interested in their experiences.

C. They have to waste time and money.

D. They are confused and disappointed.

5.What is the passage mainly about?     

A. Overseas students experience culture shock in foreign countries. 

B. Some universities offer to help students in need.

C. Returned students find it difficult to translate their time abroad into experience.

D. Returning from studying overseas, students face more trouble than they expected.

 

D

During the twentieth century there has been a great change in the lives of women. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old and up. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until sixty.

This important change in women’s life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women economic (经济的) position. Even a few years ago most girls left school and took a full-time job. However, when they married their school-leaving age is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though women marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to fuller part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage (婚姻), with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life.

71.We are told that in a family about 1900________.

A.few children died before they were five

B.seven or eight children lived to be more than five

C.the youngest child would be fifteen

D.four or five children died when they were five

72.One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she______.

A.is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves

B.does not like children herself

C.needn’t worry about food for her children

D.can be free from family duties when she reaches sixty

73.Many girls are now likely to_______.

A.give up their jobs for good after they are married

B.leave school as soon as they can

C.marry so that they can get a job

D.continue working until they are going to have a baby

74.According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to _______.

A.stay at home after leaving school

B.marry men younger than themselves

C.start working again in life

D.marry while still at school

75.Now a husband probably_________.

A.plays a greater part in looking after children

B.helps his wife by doing much of the housework

C.feels dissatisfied with his part in the family

D.takes a part-time job so that he can help in the home

 

    A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world. On the one hand，some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo，you can produce valuable tissues(组织）and organs that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand，many people，including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with（干涉）nature in this way，they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.

    Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003，at a much younger age than normal. When she was born，many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more disease in the animal world. However，in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.

    The Scottish scientist who created Dolly，Ian Wilmut，is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning，his intention has never been to create copies of humans. Instead，he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer. However，some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.

    While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori，an Italian doctor，is one of the leaders in this kind of research. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.

    In China，scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals，as well as stern cells to be used in medical research. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats，and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.

51. Which of the following statements about cloning is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Cloning technology can only be applied to animals.

B. A cloned animal can live longer than a normal one.

C. People all over the world are happy about the birth of Dolly.

D. Cloning can produce valuable tissues and organs to cure human diseases.

52. The reasons why people are anti-cloning include the following EXCEPT that_______.

A. cloning may produce a real-life Frankenstein’s monster

B. cloning might create more disease in the animal world

C. cloning can’t help those who want to clone their dead children

D. cloning human embryos shows no respect for human life

53. Who is in favor of cloning human beings?

A. Ian Wilmut.        B. Severino Antinori.

C. The author.        D. The Chinese scientists.

54. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A. If we interfere with nature, we will change the world to be what we want.

B. It is impossible to clone babies for women who cannot have ones.

C. Cloning human beings is illegal in many countries，so no scientists want to do so.

D. Whether cloning human embryos is legal or not remains a matter of debate.

Eleven months ago, an act of good sportsmanship（体育精神）changed a girls’ running race into something bigger.

  Jenna Huff received a national sportsmanship award from the US Olympic Committee for what she did for Deb Guthmann.

    In the race, Jenna was behind Deb until the final few meters of the 5-kilometer race.

  Then something awful happened. Deb’s right hip（髋部）broke. She screamed in pain and stopped.

    Jenna had never met Deb and had been taught to pass every runner she could to win.

    Instead, Jenna stopped with no hesitation.

    “Come on.” Jenna told Deb. “We’re going to run.”

    Jenna took Deb’s left elbow with her right hand. She helped her jog the last few meters. At the finishing line, she pushed Deb in front of her, reasoning Deb would have beaten her anyway if not for the injury. That act helped Deb’s team win the regional race and advance to the state meet.

    Both girls are now 17.

    Jenna is still an athlete for her school.

    She and her parents went to Colorado to accept an award for the national sportsmanship award. Jenna had to give a five-minute speech to the crowd, a crowd which included a number of former Olympians. “I’m pretty scared about my speech,” Jenna said the other night when we talked on the phone. “You want to hear part of it?” She read me one part including the words from Albert Einstein: “Each of us comes for a short visit, not knowing why, yet sometimes seeming to a divine（神圣的）purpose. From the standpoint of daily life, however, there is one thing we do know：That we are here for the sake of（为了）others.”

  Deb is also still running. She received a full scholarship to Emmanuel College in Franklin Springs, Georgia. The award was because of her excellent academic record and great sports potential.

    But she recently got hurt again and was unable to run for weeks.

    Even so, I am confident Deb will write a happier ending for herself one day. Both of these young women make you feel confident about the future. They are strong, compassionate（富于同情心的）and smart.

  As Einstein said-and as Jenna showed 11 months ago— “we are here for the sake of others”.

1.The story is intended to __________.

  A. tell us an unexpected story in the girls’ running race

  B. introduce a famous sportswoman

  C. show the beauty of good sportsmanship

  D. remind athletes to pay attention to their safety during the race

2.The reason why Jenna pushed Deb in front of her at the finishing line is that __________.

  A. she wanted to get the prize

  B. she thought she didn’t match Deb in reality

  C. she helped Deb’s team to win the regional race

  D. Deb had been injured   

3.Deb received a full scholarship to Emmanuel College because __________.

  A. she is still running

  B. she was good at her academy and sports

  C. she showed the good sportsmanship in the race

  D. she never gave up even though she had been injured

4.What can we know from the passage?

  A. Jenna was the last one to reach the finishing line.

  B. Deb went to Colorado to accept the prize with her parents.

  C. The author had a face-to-face interview with Jenna the other night.

  D. Helping each other can make a big difference to people’s lives.