Thanks to science, industry and moral philosophy, mankind’s steps were at last guided up the right path in the past century. The 19th century of steam was about to give way to the 20th century of oil and electricity. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, only 41 years old in 1900, provided a scientific basis for the idea that progress was not to be stopped, determined by natural law. And almost everybody thought that the development would continue to be as slow as that in the 19th century.

Inventions like the railroad or the telegraph or the typewriter enabled people to live their everyday lives a little more conveniently. No one could have guessed that new ideas would storm the world with a force and frequency at an amazing pace. This high-speed attack of new ideas and technologies seemed to make people believe in the old dreams of a perfect life on earth, of a safe world in which natural disasters would be controlled. But the fast progress was accompanied by something against mankind’s will.

Murders in Sarajevo(萨拉热窝) in 1914 led to the Great War, which did more than destroy a generation of Europeans. The Great War was most commonly called so until the beginning of World War Ⅱ when it was renamed World War Ⅰ. Hitler rose to power in the 1930’s. It was this very man who ordered the attack of Poland, only to meet with his failure when Great Britain and France made war on Germany. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed the American naval base at Pearl harbor. Americans decided to enter the war, and World War Ⅱ was now truly a world war.

But civilization was not crushed(压碎) by the two great wars, and from the ruins people built a way of life again. The citizens of the 20th century felt free to reinvent themselves. In that task they were aided by two far-reaching developments－Psychoanalysis(精神分析) and the Bomb.

51．It can be inferred from the passage that at the beginning of the 20th century __________.

       A．great changes occurred between the 19th century and the 20th century

       B．the world knew nothing about science, industry and moral philosophy

       C．mankind came to realize there was not a change in the 19th century

       D．Darwin, the builder of the theory of evolution, was in his forties

52．Because of the inventions like the railroad, telegraph and type writer, people could _____.

       A．know that the progress was made only by scientists

       B．enjoy their life more comfortably and conveniently

       C．tell that a mankind killing was about to take place

       D．make their dreams of a better life and a better world come true

53．Why was the Great War renamed as World War Ⅰ?

       A．Because it destroyed a generation of Europeans.

       B．Because it was not only a war but a human disaster.

       C．Because it was followed by the other world war.

       D．Because it was influenced by new ideas.

54．Which happening is not mentioned in this passage before World War Ⅱ?

       A．Hitler came into power                         B．Japan attached Pearl Harbor.

       C．Poland was attacked by Germany.         D．USA had not planned to go into the war

55．What is the writer likely to talk about if he continues to write?

       A．Citizenship.          B．Invention.            C．Ruins.                 D．Psychoanalysis.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by difinition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.

　　The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things Worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant, the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-had spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels than can yet be trusted.

　　But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’ t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

1．According to the author, really good science ________.

[　　]

A．would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment

B．will produce results which cannot be foreseen

C．will help people to make the right choice in advance

D．will bring about disturbing results

2．It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18 th century ________.

[　　]

A．thoutht that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science

B．were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research

C．knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature

D．did more harm than good in promoting man’ s understanding of nature

3．What is the author’s attitude towards science?

[　　]

A．He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.

B．He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.

C．He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.

D．He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.

4．The author believes that ________.

[　　]

A．man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up

B．man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect

C．sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them

D．questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research

阅读理解

　　Stephen Hawking, the disabled author of A Brief History of Time is launching his second journey to China in Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province. His first visit was over 10 years ago.

　　The great theoretical scientist has been invited to attend a state-of-the-art mathematics research institute at Zhejing University, Hangzhou-based Dushi Kuaibao reported.

　　On Sunday evening, he made his début at a press conference held at Shangri-La hotel, Hangzhou. Hawking appeared at about 5:00 p.m. with his wife.

　　The 50-year-old man answered a total of nine questions with the help of his computer.

　　“Experts in theoretical science are dispersed around the world, but we need communication. I am very glad that the world’s first-class conference is being held in China this time,”he said.

　　“I find the real universe much more interesting than the one in the film Star Wars ,” Hawking joked.“I encourage young people to study theoretical physics first if they are interested in it.”

　　Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity implied (隐含) space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great scientific development of the first half of the 20th century.

　　One consequence(结果) of such a unification theory would be that black holes would not be completely black, but emit (放射) radiation and eventually evaporate (蒸发) and disappear. Another conjecture (推 测) is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.

　　But the talented man who has produced such rich work suffers serious Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (肌萎缩性脊髓索硬化). He is one of the 350,000 sufferers in the world. The disease kills over 100,000 people every year.

　　“I like life and I love life, my family and music give me the greatest happiness,”smiled Hawking, who can only move three fingers.

　　In the coming year, Hawking said he is scheduled to write a new edition of A Brief History of Time for young children.

　　“A Brief History of Time is my first book for common people. But I later found that I could write it in a more simple way,”he answered,“So I decided to rewrite it so that all people can read it easily.”

1．It is obvious that Hawking ________.

[　　]

A．comes to China for the first time

B．has never been to China before

C．has been to China twice

D．hopes to come to visit China one day

2．What do the underlined words“are dispersed”in the fifth paragraph mean?

[　　]

A．Live together.

B．Live far away from.

C．Know each other better.

D．Have connection with each other.

3．From the passage we know the nature of Hawking’s being ________.

[　　]

A．determined and humorous

B．learned and humorous

C．learned and shy

D．disabled

4．It can be inferred that Hawking ________.

[　　]

A．greatly improved Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity

B．knows a lot about Einstein’s theory

C．has A Brief History of Time published recently

D．loves nothing but his study on universe

B
Brazil is a federation that consists of twenty-six states and one federal district. The biggest majority of Brazil’s population belongs to the Christian religion and almost all of them are Catholics. This is something Brazil inherited(继承) being Portugal’s colony(殖民地).
Historically, the country was a colony claimed by people from Portugal and this made Portuguese the official language. The Portuguese reached Brazil in 1500 and until that moment it was inhabited by semi-nomadic(半游牧的) people. The Portuguese changed Brazil into a country of slaves until 1800, when Maria I of Portugal came to live to Brazil. The Queen did not stay long in Brazil, but during the 20 years of royal presence a lot of changes occurred: commercial ports to United Kingdom were opened; Brazil stopped being isolated(孤立) from other countries. So at the moment of getting the independence on the 7th of September, 1822, Brazil already had the potential to develop. The Brazilian Empire, Pedro I, abolished slavery in 1888 in the face of Princess Isabel. A lot of European people started coming to Brazil and the industry of the country started working. In the 19th and the 20th century as it has been said above foreign people immigrated(移民) to Brazil and basically 5 million European and Japanese people became the residents of Brazil. The beginning of the 20th century was especially marked by the immigration of a lot of Asian people: Japanese, Korean and Chinese immigrants. As a matter of fact Japanese people do not immigrate a lot, and the fact that the Brazilian-Japanese people are the largest Japanese minority in the world does astonish greatly.
The majority of the cultural inherits of Brazil are actually Portuguese, due to the fact that Brazil was Portugal’s colony for a very long time. The southern states mainly consist of European population and the north and the northeast consist of a mixed population including Africans, Amerindians and Europeans. Most of this population is Roman Catholic. No other country in the world has the same amount of Catholics. The modern tendency of Brazil is the growing number of people calling themselves Protestants. Around 7.4% of the population don’t believe any god. Some Brazilians, especially in the northern states are mixed Africans who prefer following the traditional African religions. Only 1.8% of the population chose Buddhism, Islam or Judaism.
Though Brazil always tried to maintain democracy, it was failed several times by the dictatorship（独裁） of Getulo Vargas. This fact could not affect the political situation in the country.
61. Brazil was ruled by Portuguese about ______.
A. 22 years        B. 300 years      C. 322 years       D. 328 years
62.Who might block the development of Brazil?
A. Maria I     B. Pedro I     C. immigrants    D. Getulo Vargas
63. The writer mainly tells us the ______ of Brazil in the passage.
A. religion     B. history     C. culture    D. political situation
64．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Brazil was isolated from other countries when Maria I stayed there.
B. The industry of the country started working in 1888.
C. Brazil has the largest population of Catholics in the world.
D. Some people in Brazil don’t believe any god.
65. It can be inferred that Brazil is a country with ________.
A. western culture B. modern culture   C. traditional culture   D. mixed culture