Thanks to science, industry and moral philosophy, mankind’s steps were at last guided up the right path in the past century. The 19th century of steam was about to give way to the 20th century of oil and electricity. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, only 41 years old in 1900, provided a scientific basis for the idea that progress was not to be stopped, determined by natural law. And almost everybody thought that the development would continue to be as slow as that in the 19th century.

Inventions like the railroad or the telegraph or the typewriter enabled people to live their everyday lives a little more conveniently. No one could have guessed that new ideas would storm the world with a force and frequency at an amazing pace. This high-speed attack of new ideas and technologies seemed to make people believe in the old dreams of a perfect life on earth, of a safe world in which natural disasters would be controlled. But the fast progress was accompanied by something against mankind’s will.

Murders in Sarajevo(萨拉热窝) in 1914 led to the Great War, which did more than destroy a generation of Europeans. The Great War was most commonly called so until the beginning of World War Ⅱ when it was renamed World War Ⅰ. Hitler rose to power in the 1930’s. It was this very man who ordered the attack of Poland, only to meet with his failure when Great Britain and France made war on Germany. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed the American naval base at Pearl harbor. Americans decided to enter the war, and World War Ⅱ was now truly a world war.

But civilization was not crushed(压碎) by the two great wars, and from the ruins people built a way of life again. The citizens of the 20th century felt free to reinvent themselves. In that task they were aided by two far-reaching developments－Psychoanalysis(精神分析) and the Bomb.

51．It can be inferred from the passage that at the beginning of the 20th century __________.

       A．great changes occurred between the 19th century and the 20th century

       B．the world knew nothing about science, industry and moral philosophy

       C．mankind came to realize there was not a change in the 19th century

       D．Darwin, the builder of the theory of evolution, was in his forties

52．Because of the inventions like the railroad, telegraph and type writer, people could _____.

       A．know that the progress was made only by scientists

       B．enjoy their life more comfortably and conveniently

       C．tell that a mankind killing was about to take place

       D．make their dreams of a better life and a better world come true

53．Why was the Great War renamed as World War Ⅰ?

       A．Because it destroyed a generation of Europeans.

       B．Because it was not only a war but a human disaster.

       C．Because it was followed by the other world war.

       D．Because it was influenced by new ideas.

54．Which happening is not mentioned in this passage before World War Ⅱ?

       A．Hitler came into power                         B．Japan attached Pearl Harbor.

       C．Poland was attacked by Germany.         D．USA had not planned to go into the war

55．What is the writer likely to talk about if he continues to write?

       A．Citizenship.          B．Invention.            C．Ruins.                 D．Psychoanalysis.

 I can’t say which wine is beat—it’s a (n)          of personal taste.

A．affair    B．event    C．matter   D．variety

"A survey was conducted in Shanghai where interviewees were asked if they wanted to be a factory worker．One percent of all people interviewed said “YES," Wang Hongjun, a technician, said, raising his voice for dramatic effect．"But I can tell you, only a small part of that 1 percent are telling the truth．"

       I've met colorful people like Wang all over China．They are cynical （玩世不恭的） yet warmhearted, plain spoken but smart．And many of them are confined （局限于） to work in factories．

       Wang is a top technician but also represents manual factory workers, who are China's most important natural resource．Their energy is powering China's economic boom, and their muscle is turning the wheel of the world's factory．

       But does their unskilled labor give their life meaning? At school, did they tell their friends: "When I grow up I want to work in a factory making socks?" Did you?

       Factory work has always been a stepping-stone from farm life to the city and a modern life．It's been happening for centuries, but today, with our space-age technology, it's outdated．Earning 1,200 yuan （$169） per month working in a factory is better than that on a farm, but as Wang points out, it's not a dream career．There should be better ways to earn your rice．

       Many modern factories no longer have production line workers．Robots do the assembly （装配）．People just do the monitoring．In this age of technology, in which China is now working smarter and not just harder, why are people still standing in production lines?

       But life is cheap in China．So why not continue to exploit the low-cost labor situation and keep the economy growing fast, some entrepreneurs may ask．

How many people surveyed really like to be factory workers?

       A．One percent                      

       B．Only a small part

       C．Only a small part of that one percent   

       D．The writer didn’t mention it．

Which is NOT the writer's opinion of factory workers?

       A．cynical                B．unimportant

       C．warmhearted           D．plain spoken

Wang Hongjun is a person who is         ．

       A．difficult to get along with

       B．humorous but serious

       C．cynical but warmhearted, plain spoken but smart

       D．full of energy but doesn't want to work hard

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

       A．Factory workers make contributions to China's economic boom．

       B．Working in a factory is better than that on a farm．

       C．Factory workers are satisfied with their living conditions．

       D．Some entrepreneurs exploited the low-cost labor situation．

The writer uses          to begin the passage．

       A．a lot of figures        B．many examples

       C．some dialogue         D．the result of a survey

The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:

women are helped more than men;

men help more than women;

attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.

Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.

         According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:

“Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.

“Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.

“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”

Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention（介入）, much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved , and a fight would easily follow.”

Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”

60. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

         A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.

         B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.

         C. Religious people are more likely to look on.

         D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.

61. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?

         A. Sex.               B. Nationality.                    C. Profession.                     D. Setting.

62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?

         A. A man is more likely to help than a woman.

         B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.

         C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.

         D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.

63. The author wrote this article _______.

         A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do

         B. to urge people to stand out when in need

         C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders

         D. to analyze the weakness of human nature

I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a（n） _______ of personal taste.

A. affair    B. event    C. matter    D. variety