It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents．The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar （留下疤痕） a child's personality and incline to emotional problems in later life．Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three, and many people do believe this．But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion．

Firstly, anthropologists （人类学家） point out that the hidden love between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies．For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngonis the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone．But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to understand．

Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents and caretakers found that children had problems with it．But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects．The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be noticed by the use of statistics．Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial．

Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children's development．But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue．

1.This passage is mainly talking about________．

    A．children's personality                     

B．advantages of infants' early care

    C．infants' education                    

D．negative effect of infant school

2.The phrase "day care   in the first paragraph probably means_____.

    A．nursing school                          B．baby-sitter

    C．boarding school                         D．primary school

3.According to Bowlby, children under the age of three______．

    A．should not be sent to school

    B．should be cared for outside the home

    C．will not suffer fro m parental separation

    D．don't mind who will look after them

4.The argument against Bowlby's conclusion shows that___．

    A．children have problems with day care

    B．there is no negative effect on infants who go to school before three

    C．there is a long-term effect on infants who go to school before three

    D．children who are sent to school before three are sent to mental illness

 

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

During my second year of college, I was looking around for a place to live. One Sunday after church, the pastor(牧师) told me to stay in his daughter’s room because his daughter was studying abroad for one year.[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]

    To be  36  , I really didn’t want to stay with “the pastor’s family”. He told me how much the  37  would be---a very low figure that  38 one home-cooked meal a day. I thought about the  39 and decided to move in.

    At the end of the term I had planned to find   40  living place, since the daughter was to  41  home. To my delight, they  42  that I share a room with their son. I seemed to have been adopted into their  43  ----their people became my people. I   44  accepted the offer.

    As I emptied the daughter’s bedroom, I thought it might be  45  to have a little sister to look after. But when I later met my new sister, I  46 that she was more independent than I first  47 .

   We finally fell in love,  48  , and have looked after each other for many years. There have been times that life turned out more  49  than either of us could have known. But we have always been able to go  50  largely because we knew that we are deeply   51  .

   It isn’t about marriage… It’s about  52  . It’s about mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers and special friends who are as  53  as family. It’s about anybody who can say, “I’ll be  54   ----you can count on me. I’ll try to look after you and sometimes I will need you to look after me.[来源:Z§xx§k.Com]

   Is there somebody you can depend on?  And are others counting on you? We travel the path of life best when there is  55  to look after, and when someone is looking after us.

36. A. honest                      B. surprised                 C. friendly           D. pleased

37. A. price                        B. rent                       C. money             D. pay

38. A. had                         B. included                 C. made               D. contained

39. A. idea                         B. plan                       C. service            D. offer

40. A. same                       B. different                C. another           D. extra

41. A. return                      B. go                         C. get                        D. leave

42. A. ordered                   B. agreed                   C. arranged          D. suggested

43. A. house                      B. family                   C. group             D. friend

44. A. happily                    B. sorrowfully            C. evidently         D. efficiently

45. A. bad                         B. exciting                  C. nice                D. strange

46. A. realized              B. thought               C. knew            D. doubted

47. A. saw                   B. told                       C. imagined                D. believed

48. A. separated                  B. parted                  C. left                        D. married

49. A. smooth              B. challenging           C. exciting            D. different

50. A. backward              B. eastward                C. forward                 D. westward

51. A. hated                 B. cared                  C. felt                        D. liked

52. A. friendship             B. relation                C. love                D. family

53. A. close                  B. good                C. far                  D. long

54. A. away                   B. out                   C. in                   D. around

55. A. nobody             B. somebody         C. anybody          D. everybody

 

There have been discussions about retire age limit recently. Does it make sense to make people retire at a particular age, say, 55? 60?

Some people work well into their 70s and 80s, running families, countries or corporations while other people, despite being fit and highly talented, are forced to retire in their fifties or even earlier. Here I will examine whether people should be allowed to continue working as long as they want or whether they should be encouraged to retire at a particular stage.

Some people think there are several reasons for allowing older people to continue working. Firstly, older employees are more experienced and their knowledge can be lost to his company or business if they are made to retire. Secondly, older employees are often extremely loyal and more willing to carry out company policies than younger staff. Another point is related to our society’s attitudes to the old. To force someone to retire at 50 or 60 indicates that the society does not value the contribution of these people, which may be regarded as age discrimination.

However, others believe that allowing older people to work indefinitely(无限期) is not a good policy. Age alone is no guarantee of ability. Old people are ambitious workaholics. Many young employees are more skillful than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area or unit for most of their working lives. Having compulsory retirement encourages new ideas in an organization. In addition, without age limits, many people would continue to work purely because they did not have any other plans. Another reason is that older people should be rewarded by society for their life’s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy their leisure. We now have youngsters who can’t find jobs because old people refuse to retire. This new generation of “old people” may think they will never die due to modern advances in medicine.

With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, older workers are expected to retire. However, this can affect their right to work. I feel that giving workers more flexibility and choice over their retirement age will benefit both society and the individual.

1.All the following statements are reasons for allowing old people to continue working EXCEPT that _______.

A．their contributions should be valued

B．their experience should be appreciated

C．they can be ambitious workaholics

D．they are extremely loyal employees

2.The underlined sentence in the fourth passage suggests that _______.

A．retired people support the young to be creative

B．more fresh employees mean more fresh ideas

C．retired people are unwilling to praise new ideas

D．young employees are forced to be creative

3.The structure of the passage is arranged as __________

4.The author is likely to agree that ________’

A．it’s not wise to suggest lengthening the retirement age

B．it does make sense to set a particular retirement age

C．having different retirement age sounds unreasonable

D．when to retire should depend on the employees themselves

 

 There have been cases ________ some English learners can’t get their message across even though they have memorized a lot of words.

A. which　　　B. when　　　C. where　　　D. What

 Recent studies show that many young people in the United States never finish high school．Some researchers say about fifteen to twenty percent of public school students do not complete their education．But many other experts and policymakers believe that for the past twenty years，the dropout rate has been around thirty percent．For Latino and black students，the numbers are even higher．Researchers say almost half of them leave schoo1．At the same time，almost half the states let students leave school before the age of eighteen without letting their parents know．

    Finding a good job without a high school education is _________．A recent study found that almost half of all dropouts aged sixteen to twenty—four did not have a job．The lack of high school education can also lead to other problems．An estimated two—thirds of prisoners in the United States dropped out of high schoo1．

    The main reason why many students drop out of school is that they are failing．Many are bored with their classes or feel disconnected from their school and teachers．Some students feel that educators place low expectations on them．

   There have been efforts to increase graduation rates through education reforms during the past twenty years．Some communities are working on dropout prevention programs．These include alternative (其他的) high schools to meet special needs．In addition，experts suggest “early warning systems’’ to help identify young school children at the risk of dropping out of high schoo1．They say schools should also keep regular contact with parents，especially if their children are missing school often．

1.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words．)

                                                                          

2.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

    Many students feel tired of their classes or don’t feel connected with their school and teachers．

                                                                          

3.Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

                                                                        

4.What do you think is the most important reason for the high dropout rate in the high school?(Please answer within 30 words．)

                                                                       

5.Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese．