4.词常表示发生在谓语之前而及物动词的过去分词则可以指发生在谓语之前或与谓语同时的状态. 例如:1).fallen leaves/a burnt-out match 2).The thief was brought in,with his hands tied behind. 若非谓语形式正确而词义仍不同者则需从句义来考虑. 非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生.非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前. 1.动词不定式 例1:A lot of young people are learning to drive cars. 例2:All of us expected to discover a new oil field. (非谓语动词动作发生在后) 例3:He is said to have studied English for three years. (非谓语动词动作发生在前) 注:动词不定式的完成式有时用在intended, expected, meant, were to, was to等过去式的动词后面.表示未实现的行为.例如: 1)I meant to have sent the book to you by mail. (我本想把这本书邮寄给你的.) 2)He was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill. (他原是要任新大使的.但是他病了.) 2.动名词 例1:I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. (非谓语动词动作发生在后) 例2:We enjoy watching colour TV. 例3:He forgot having promised to write things for us. (非谓语动词动作发生在前.) 3.分词 例1:Singing a song, he came into the room. (非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生) 例2:Having written his composition, he went to have a heart to heart talk with Wang. (非谓语动词动作发生在前) 非谓语动词的比较 1.动名词和动词不定式在用法上的比较 (1)一般说来动名词所表示的动作在意义上是比较抽象的.一般的.时间概念不强.不是指某一次的动作,而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的一次行为.例如: 1)I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim today. 2) They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold. 3) Would you prefer to stay at home this evening? (2)动词不定式的逻辑主语.常常是句子的主语或句中的某个词,而动名词的逻辑主语可能是句子主语或句中某个词.也可能是泛指一般人物.在句子里是找不着的.例如: 1)I hate to be sitting idle. I hate saying nothing at a meeting but gossiping afterwards. (我不喜欢开会不说会后乱说.)(可能指自己.也可能泛指一般人) (3)有些词后既可接动名词亦... 1不定式作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车. I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案. 2)动词+不定式 , 动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish- I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁. I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁. I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话. I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话. 3) 动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机.我都拿不定主意买哪一种. 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时.谓语动词用单数. The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施. 2 不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式 advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍. b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的. Find 的特殊用法: Find 后可用分词做宾补.或先加形式宾语.再加形容词.最后加带to 的动词不定式.find后也可带一个从句.此类动词还有get.have. I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. The next morning she found the man in bed.dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 答案:A.find的宾语后面.用分词或分词短语.起宾语补足语作用.现在分词表达主动.也表达正在进行.过去分词表达被动. 2) to + be 的不定式结构.作补语的动词. Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare, discover, fancy, feel find, guess, judge ,imagine, know, prove, see, show ,suppose, take, understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一. Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案:A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B.D.. 此句只说明发明这一个事实.不定式后用原形即可.而C为现在完成时.发明为点动词一般不用完成时.且此处也不强调对现在的影响.因此不选C. 3) to be +形容词 Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean- The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思. 4) there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里. 注意 : 有些动词需用as 短语做补语.如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师. Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲. 3 不定式主语 1) It's easy to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴. It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候.锁车是有必要的. 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们.他真好. Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly, selfish 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢.竟然相信了他. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西.这显得太自私了. 注意:1) 其他系动词如.look.appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时.动词用单数形式. 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时.不能用It is- to-的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见. 4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点.表示客观形式的形容词.如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等: It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的. 2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格.品德.表示主观感情或态度的形容词.如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right. It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我.你真是太好了. for 与of 的辨别方法: 用介词后面的代词作主语.用介词前边的形容词作表语.造个句子.如果道理上通顺用of.不通则用for.如: You are nice. . He is hard. (人是困难的.不通.因此应用for.) 5 不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面.形成表语.例如: My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor. 6 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后.例如: I have a lot of work to do. So he made some candles to give light. 7 不定式作状语 1)目的状语 To- only to , in order to, so as to, so- as to- He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车. I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别. 2)作结果状语.表事先没有预料到的.要放在句子后面. What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3) 表原因 I'm glad to see you. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to . A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案:B. 如果不定式为不及物动词.其后应有必要的介词.当动词与介词连用时.常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾. 8 用作介词的to to 有两种用法: 一为不定式+动词原形, 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种.即to+ 名词/动名词: admit to承认. confess to承认. be accustomed to 习惯于. be used to 习惯于. stick to 坚持. turn to开始.着手于. devote oneself to 献身于. be devoted to 致力于. look forward to 盼望. pay attention to 注意 9 省to 的动词不定式 1) 情态动词 : 2) 使役动词 let, have, make: 3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补.省略to. 注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. 4) would rather.had better: 5) Why- / why not-: 6) help 可带to.也可不带to, help sb but和except:but前是动词do时.后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式. 8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式.第二个to 可以省去: 9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后.可以省去to be: He is supposed nice. 他应该是个好人. 举例:He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比较: He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 典型例题 1) ---- I usually go there by train. ---- Why not by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案:D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式.因此选D. 2) Paul doesn't have to be made . He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案:B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式.当其用于被动时.to 不可省略. 10 动词不定式的否定式 Tell him not to shut the window- She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候.她假装没看见. 典型例题 1)Tell him the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案:B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth. 2) She pretended me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 答案:A. pretend 后应接不定式.其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.. 3)Mrs. Smith warned her daughter after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案:A.warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never. 4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street.but his mother told him . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答案:A.not to 为not to do it 的省略形式.可以只用to这个词.而不必重复整个不定式词组.及物动词do后应有名词.代词等.否则不对.因此B.D不对. 5) The patient was warned oily food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 答案:C.warn一词要求后用不定式.此处为不定式的被动.否定形式为be warned not to do. 11 不定式的特殊句型too-to- 1)too-to 太-以至于- He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了.说不出话来. I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.这箱子太重.恐怕你搬不动.谢谢您. 2) 如在too前有否定词.则整个句子用否定词表达肯定. too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义.意 为"不太". It's never too late to mend. 当too 前面有only, all, but时.意思是:非常- 等于very. I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你. He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家. 12 不定式的特殊句型so as to 1) 表示目的,它的否定式是so as not to do. Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作. Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去.别惊醒了婴儿. 2) so kind as to ---劳驾 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾.现在几点了. 13 不定式的特殊句型Why not "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议.翻译为:"为什么不--?" "干吗不--?" 例如: Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假? 14 不定式的时态和语态 时态\语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词.有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后. He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你. 2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前. I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行.与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生. He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时: She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 15 动名词与不定式 1) 动名词与不定式的区别: 动名词表达的是: 状态.性质.心境.抽象.经常性.已发生的 不定式表达的是: 目的.结果.原因.具体.一次性.将发生的 2) 接不定式或动名词.意义相同. 3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组: 1 stop to do stop doing 2 forget to do forget doing 3 remember to do remember doing 4 regret to do regret doing 5 cease to do cease doing 6 try to do try doing 7 go on to do go on doing 8 afraid to do afraid doing 9 interested to do interested doing 10 mean to do mean doing 11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing 查看更多

 

题目列表(包括答案和解析)

2011年10月13日下午5点30分,在广东佛山一五金城内,2岁女童小悦悦在过马路时不慎被一辆面包车撞倒并两度碾压,随后肇事车辆逃逸,随后开来的另一辆车辆直接从已经被碾压过的女童身上再次开了过去,七分钟内在女童身边经过的十几个路人,都对此冷眼漠视,只有最后一名拾荒阿姨上前施以援手。2011年10月21日,小悦悦经医院全力抢救无效,于0时32分离世。由此引发网友广泛热议。请根据下面提示,以“Say no to indifference and awaken true love”为题写一短文,简述这一事件及事后人们对此的不同反应,并谈谈你自己的看法。

 

短文必须包括以下要点:

人们的不同反应:

1)路过者之所以没有给予帮助,主要是因为冷漠;

2) 中国经济的快速发展给公共道德带来了负面影响;

3)现实生活中的确发生过因为救人而惹上麻烦的事,这使许多人在想要帮助别人之前有了顾虑;

4)还有人建议要立法,要大力表扬见义勇为者;

你自己的观点(至少两点)。

注意:

1.  参照以上文字及下面文章开头所给提示,做必要的发挥想象。

2.  不要逐字翻译,只需正确表达出相关内容。

3.  词数150左右,开头已写好,不计入总词数。

4.  参考词汇:   1)  悲剧tragedy

5.               2)冷漠indifference (n.) indifferent (adj.)

6.               3) 良心conscience

7.               4) 道德 morality (n.), moral(adj.)

8.               5)见义勇为者Samaritan

 

Say no to indifference and awaken true love

On Oct. 13, two-year-old Yue Yue was knocked down by a van before being run over by a truck near a market in Foshan, Guangdong province, while 18 people ignored her severely injured body as she lay bleeding on the ground after the accident. The girl eventually received help from an elderly refuse collector but died later from injuries to the head.

In response to the tragedy, different people have different attitudes.                   

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                               

                                                                              

 

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2011年10月13日下午5点30分,在广东佛山一五金城内,2岁女童小悦悦在过马路时不慎被一辆面包车撞倒并两度碾压,随后肇事车辆逃逸,随后开来的另一辆车辆直接从已经被碾压过的女童身上再次开了过去,七分钟内在女童身边经过的十几个路人,都对此冷眼漠视,只有最后一名拾荒阿姨上前施以援手。2011年10月21日,小悦悦经医院全力抢救无效,于0时32分离世。由此引发网友广泛热议。请根据下面提示,以“Say no to indifference and awaken true love”为题写一短文,简述这一事件及事后人们对此的不同反应,并谈谈你自己的看法。



 
短文必须包括以下要点:
人们的不同反应:
1)路过者之所以没有给予帮助,主要是因为冷漠;
2) 中国经济的快速发展给公共道德带来了负面影响;
3)现实生活中的确发生过因为救人而惹上麻烦的事,这使许多人在想要帮助别人之前有了顾虑;
4)还有人建议要立法,要大力表扬见义勇为者;
你自己的观点(至少两点)。
注意:
1. 参照以上文字及下面文章开头所给提示,做必要的发挥想象。
2. 不要逐字翻译,只需正确表达出相关内容。
3. 词数150左右,开头已写好,不计入总词数。
4. 参考词汇:   1) 悲剧tragedy
5.              2)冷漠indifference (n.) indifferent (adj.)
6.              3) 良心conscience
7.              4) 道德 morality (n.), moral(adj.)
8.              5)见义勇为者Samaritan
Say no to indifference and awaken true love
On Oct. 13, two-year-old Yue Yue was knocked down by a van before being run over by a truck near a market in Foshan, Guangdong province, while 18 people ignored her severely injured body as she lay bleeding on the ground after the accident. The girl eventually received help from an elderly refuse collector but died later from injuries to the head.
In response to the tragedy, different people have different attitudes.                   
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                              
                                                                              

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第二节:读写任务(满分25分)

请根据下面的任务和写作要求,写一篇150 词左右的英语短文,并把文章写在答题卡指定位置。

[写作内容]

你要参加一场英语辩论赛,主题为“是不是快乐没痛苦才是真正的幸福?”。在参赛之前,你查看相关的资料,并准备你的辩论发言。请认真阅读下面的短文,然后完成以下的任务。

1)   概况短文内容要点,该部分的字数大约30:

2)   就“是不是快乐没痛苦才是真正的幸福?”这个主题发表你的看法,至少包括以下内容要点,该部分的字数大约120:

l 以你自己为例,简述你对金钱、快乐的看法;

l 你如何看待快乐没痛苦才是真正的幸福的观点;

l 你的身边的同学如何对待快乐没痛苦才是真正的幸福的观点;

l 你对身边的同学的观点持什么看法?为什么?

[写作要求]  你可以使用实例和其他论述方法支持你的观点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

[阅读材料]

The way people hold the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free lifestyle equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever obtaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness,then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact,the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness contain some pain.

As a result,many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness.They fear the pain inevitably (不可避免地) brought by such things as marriage,raising children,professional achievement, religious commitment, self-improvement.

Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest,he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment,for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement.Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

Couples,with infant children, are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep of a three-day vacation. We don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples that decide not to have children ever know the joys of watching a child grow up or playing with a grandchild.

Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can really increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who always have so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

 

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阅读下列句子,使用适当的短语或词组将句子补全, 将每一题的答案写在答题卷相应的横线上。

1.这个城市的大多数人都是在汽车厂工作来谋生的。

Most people in this city ______ their ______ by working in the car factory.

2. 黄花岗公园矗立着一块墓碑,用来纪念那些在起义中献身的英雄。

There is a monument in Huang Hua Gang Park _______ _______ of those heroes who gave their lives in the uprising.

3. 日本的福岛第一核电站被发生在 2011年3月11日的9.0级地震和海啸严重摧毁了。

The Fukushima I NPP, was seriously damaged by the 9.0 earthquake and the tsunami (海啸)which _______ _______ in Japan on 11 March 2011.

4. 他因家世贫寒而被人看不起。

 He was ______ down ______ because of his humble background.

5.上个月去伦敦的路上我看见了英国最大的掠食鸟类——白尾鹫。

On my way to London last month I ______ ______ of Britain’s largest bird of prey, the white-tailed sea eagle.

 

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