Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录)of Ralph W. Tyler who is one of the most famous men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19－year－old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well－known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight－Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.

Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he travelled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

5．Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir?

  A．Top managers.　　　　　　B．Language learners.

  C．Serious educators.       D.Science organizations.

6．The underlined phrases “hooked on teaching” in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

  A．attracted to teaching     B．tired of teaching

  C．satisfied with teaching    D．unhappy about teaching

7．Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

  A．The University of Chicago.  B．Stanford University.

  C．Ohio State University .      D．Nebraska University.

8．Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ________.

A．he developed a new method of testing

B．he called for free spirit in research

C．he was still active in giving advice

D．he still led the Eight－Year Study

9．What cannot we learn about Ralph W. Tyler in this article?

  A．When and where he was born.

  B．Where he studied and worked.

  C．His devotion to American education.

  D．His life with his family.

Putting Movies on Mobiles

Movies in the theater get their recognition at awards ceremonies such as the Oscars. But how about movies for phones? They are getting their turn at MoFilm — the first mobile film festival.

The first MoFilm competition received 250 entries from more than 100 countries. Entries were restricted to films that were five minutes or less in length — ideal for viewing and sharing on mobile phones. An independent jury then selected a shortlist of five film-makers. The winner was chosen from the shortlist by an audience voting using their phones.

New Platforms

The awards highlight the increasing impact that mobile phones are making in the entertainment industry. Many grassroots filmmakers start out with short films. They are thwarted by the lack of opportunities to screen their work. Therefore, mobile phones are increasingly being seen as a new platform for these short works.

　　It is a good place for anyone who wants to express themselves and find a way to have that expression be seen by a wide audience. Just think about how many people have mobile phones in the world!

New Technology Advances

MoFilm is pioneering content for mobile and online services that is a world away from Hollywood. The majority of films made for mobiles are now short in length, taking into account the screen size. However this could be overcome as technology advances.

　　In the near future, longer films will likely be seen on the mobile phone. And there are mobile companies creating phones where users can watch movies at higher quality.

Wherever you see movies, one thing is certain: the quality of work, the simple ability at story telling, and the thing that inspires someone to tell a story can really come from anywhere.

At the first MoFilm, ________.    

A. movies in the theater got their recognition

B. more than 100 countries took part in the competition

C. ideal films were five minutes or less in length

D. the winner was chosen by experts’ voting

They are thwarted by the lack of opportunities to screen their work. The underlined word means “________”.  

A. disappointed   B. surprised        C. frightened      D. encouraged

Nowadays the majority of films made for mobiles are short in length because of _______.

A. online services                             B. the screen size  

C. technology advances                     D. the mobile phone

完形填空

　　No one in the US could forget the day, April 14th, 1865, 1 Abraham Lincoln was shot. That night, 2 a very busy day, the president and his wife went to Fod's Theatre Washington D. C., 3 a new play was going to put on.

　　Near the theatre there lived 4 actor named John Wikes Booth, who was strongly against the 5 though he hadn't fought for the South himself. As the play 6 after a moment for a rest, Booth came into the theatre. He walked slowly and quietly 7 the door through 8 he could move into the president's box. He looked 9 carefully so as to find the guards 10 were protecting the president from the enemy. To his joy, there was none of 11 and nobody noticed him. He reached the door quickly and began to hold the gun in his pocket.

　　It was quiet in the theatre. Suddenly a terrible sound 12 in on the play. It surprised everyone and soon everyone looked 13 where the sound had just come. Smoke was seen 14 from the box, where the 15 had enjoyed the play all the night! Soldiers hurried 16 , but it was too 17 The murderer had already jumped from the box 18 to the stage from which he hurriedly ran out of the 19 .

　　Lincoln, one of the greatest American presidents, was shot and 20 early the next morning.

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