Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 25 WORDS.

As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming contradiction: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies. The results of their study contradict a central theory of aerodynamics（空气动力学）, which predicts that the power needed to fly increases with weight.

For birds, apparently, the cost of flying with heavy fuel loads is considerably smaller than previously thought. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year, nonstop commute between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometres.

Another study in the journal Nature measured the benefits of flying in an aerodynamic V formation, which allows birds to save energy by gliding in the lead bird’s air stream.

Flying in formation, their heart rates were as much as 14.5 per cent lower than flying solo, according to Henri Wimerskirch, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had assumed that thinner, more athletic birds would have the best chance of survival.

The first study suggests that building up fat deposits to be burned as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. Heavier birds apparently use their muscles more efficiently.

In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body masses during 28 simulated flights. They were injected with a small amount of water containing a radioactive element that enabled the team to measure the amount of energy burned.

85. How much will a red knot wading bird probably weigh before making its nonstop migrating flight?

86. The additional weight gained before the flight won’t increase the powered needed to fly; on the contrary, it works as _____________________.

87. How did scientists successfully conduct the first study?

88. We can infer from the studies on fat deposits and V formation flying that both factors _____________________________.

 

阅读下面短文，根据汉语或首字母提示以及文章内容，在每条横线上填入一个适当的英语单词，使短文意思完整。

I am a poor black worker in South Africa. Without a

passbook, I ________ about whether I would lose my work. It　　　　　　 1.__________

was in 1952 ______ I met Mandela who was a lawyer. He 2.__________

offered _______(指导) to poor black people on legal problems.　　　　　　 3.__________

He was g_______ with his time and helped me a lot, for which 4.__________

I was g________. Because of Mandela I joined the ANC 5.__________

Youth League _______(建立) by him. At that time, black 6.__________

people were treated unfairly in USA. _______ he said: “The last 7.__________

30 years have seen the laws stopping our rights. Until today　　　

we’ve reached a stage ______ we have to fight the government … 8.__________

We first broke the law in a _______(和平的) way. Only when this was 9.__________

not allowed, did we decide to turn to v________ to realize our goal.” 10._________

Section D:

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 25 WORDS.

  As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming contradiction: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies. The results of their study contradict a central theory of aerodynamics（空气动力学）, which predicts that the power needed to fly increases with weight.

  For birds, apparently, the cost of flying with heavy fuel loads is considerably smaller than previously thought. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year, nonstop commute between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometres.

  Another study in the journal Nature measured the benefits of flying in an aerodynamic V formation, which allows birds to save energy by gliding in the lead bird’s air stream.

  Flying in formation, their heart rates were as much as 14.5 per cent lower than flying solo, according to Henri Wimerskirch, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had assumed that thinner, more athletic birds would have the best chance of survival.

  The first study suggests that building up fat deposits to be burned as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. Heavier birds apparently use their muscles more efficiently.

  In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body masses during 28 simulated flights. They were injected with a small amount of water containing a radioactive element that enabled the team to measure the amount of energy burned.

How much will a red knot wading bird probably weigh before making its nonstop migrating flight?

_____________________________________________________________________________

86. The additional weight gained before the flight won’t increase the powered needed to fly; on the contrary, it works as _______________________________

87. How did scientists successfully conduct the first study?

___________________________________________________________________________________

88. We can infer from the studies on fat deposits and V formation flying that both factors _______________________________________________________________________________