(09·江苏D篇)

Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from t}le nearby fields．

Components of Soft

Soil is made up of a number of layers（层），each having its own distinctive colour and texture．The upper layer is known as the litter．It acts like a blanket．limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss．The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus（腐殖质），which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour．This layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and water．Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter．This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus．Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock．

Soil forms from the bottom up．Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind，frost, and snow．It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering．Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil．Most of the soil in Eastern Canada．for example．Was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2．000 years ag0．

Water Beneath the Soil

Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes．ponds．and rivers．Once in the soil or rock，it is called groundwater．Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation（渗透）．Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table．Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate．

As water percolates downward，it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers．This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.

Soil pH

Soil can be acidic．neutral．or basic．The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock

from which it was formed．and by the nature of t}le plants that grow and rot in it．

The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil．By burning fossil fuels such as coal，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils．When fossil fuels are burned．gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain．Acid soil increases出e problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels．As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile．Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases．

67．The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called．

A．1itter            B．topsoil            C．humus          D．subsoil

68．According to the text．which of the following is NOT true?

A．Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface．

B．The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than t}le surface soil．

C．Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil．

D．Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth．

69．We can infer from the passage that the water table lies       ．

A．between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer

B．in the subsoil layer above bedrock

C．between the subsoil layer and bedrock

D．in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil

70．The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are          ．

A．rushed away into the river

B．cleaned and purified by water

C．destroyed and carried away by water

D．mixed with water and become part of it

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项多余选项. （共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）

M：Lovely day, isn’t it?

W：Mm, yes,   1   And it’s supposed to get warmer.

M：Yes, that’s true. You know, though, I’m always a little worried to see winter go.

W：  2 

M：Well, I love skating. In fact, I used to teach skating for a living.

W：Oh? That sounds interesting.   3 

M：I work at Bank of America. How about you?

W：  4 

M：Here?

W：No, I’m from Chicago. I’m just visiting here for the wedding.

M：Oh, I see.

W：By the way,  5   I’m Helen Keller.

M：Nice to meet you. My name is John Smith.

A．But what do you do now?

B．It’s very cold.

C．It’s really warm.

D．I guess I should introduce myself.

E．I’m on the radio station.

F．What’s your name?

G．Really?

 

 

 

一What do you think of the cars on the exhibition?

一Well，great．But I don’t think much of       you’ve bought．

       A．that       B．which           C．one      D．the one 

--- What do you think of the jacket and the hat I wear today?

--- I don’t think this jacket _________ you and that your hat _______ this jacket perfectly.

   A. suits; fits        B. meets; fits      C. matches; suits      D. fits; matches

 

完形填空 （共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（ABCD）中，选出可以填入空白的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

“Father, I don’t like to go to school,” said Harry Williams one morning. “I wish you  36  let me stay at home. Charles Parker’s father doesn’t make him go to school.”

Mr. Williams took his little boy   37   the hand, and said kindly to him, “Come, my son. I want to  38   you something in the garden.”

    Harry walked into the garden with his father, who led him along   39  they came to a bed in which peas(豌豆) were growing. Not a weed(杂草) was to be  40   about their roots.

“See how beautifully these peas are   41  , my son,” said Mr. Williams. “How clean and healthy the vines(藤) look. We shall have a good   42  . Now let me show you the vines in Mr. Parker’s garden.”

     Mr. Williams then   43  Harry to look at Mr. Parker’s pea vines.

     After a few moments, Mr. Williams asked, “Well, my son, what do you   44   Mr. Parker’s pea vines?”

“Oh, Father!” replied the little boy. “I never saw such   45  looking peas in my life! The weeds are nearly as   46  as the peas themselves. There won’t be half a crop!” “   47   are they so much worse than ours, Harry?”

“Because they have been left to grow as they   48  .  I suppose Mr. Parker just planted them, and never took any care of them   49  ”

“Yes. A garden will soon be overrun（超过） with weeds   50   it is not taken good care of,” Mr. Williams   51  , “and so it is with the human garden. Children’s minds are like garden beds. They must be   52   cared for. I send you to school in order that the garden of your  53   may have good seeds and   54  plentifully. Now which would you   55  , to stay at home or go to school?”

“I would rather go to school,” said Harry.

1.A. could            B. should         C. might          D. would

2. A. in              B. with           C. by             D. of

3. A. offer           B. show           C. give           D. remind

4. A. when            B. where          C. before         D. until

5. A. made            B. changed        C. seen           D. planted

6. A. growing         B. moving         C. shaking        D. dancing

7.A. result           B. harvest        C. match          D. present

8.A. forced           B. ordered        C. followed       D. led

9. A. think of        B. look at        C. hear of        D. deal with

10. A. ugly           B. fine           C. dirty          D. poor

11.A. deep            B. long           C. high           D. wide

12.A. When            B. Why            C. Where          D. How

13.A. pleased         B. stayed         C. left           D. belonged

14. A. ahead          B. outside        C. forward        D. afterward

15. A. as             B. or             C. if             D. so

16. A. required       B. answered       C. explained      D. announced

17. A. carefully      B. correctly      C. gently         D. slightly

18. A. school         B. mind           C. family         D. dream

19. A. produce        B. develop        C. decrease       D. drop

20. A. find     B. support C. know D. prefer