NEW YORK - People who keep doing some work in their field after they retire may enjoy better physical and mental health than those who stop work completely or switch to another area of work, according to a U.S. study.

Researchers from the University of Maryland said the findings suggest that prospective retirees should consider moving into so-called "bridge employment" as a transition to full retirement.

"In essence, if someone is in a field where part-time work or self-employment is possible, he or she should consider it as they plan for retirement," researcher Dr. Mo Wang, an assistant professor of psychology, told Reuters Health.

For their study, Wang and his colleagues used data on more than 12,000 workers in a U.S. health study begun in 1992. Participants, who were between the ages of 51 and 61 at the outset, were surveyed every two years over a six-year period.

Overall, Wang's team found, people who went into some form of bridge employment reported lower rates of major diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis during the study period than their counterparts who went straight into full retirement.

The findings were not explained by older age or worse initial health among people who opted for full retirement, the investigators report in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.

On top of their better physical health, "bridge" workers also tended to report fewer mental health problems, such as depression.

The same mental health benefits were not seen, however, when retirees took part-time work in other fields -- possibly, Wang said, because many of these people may have taken those jobs out of financial need rather than choice.

He noted that the lack of benefit could also stem from the fact that these retirees had to adjust to an unfamiliar job position or had to make lifestyle changes.

Bridge work, particularly in one's accustomed field, may benefit physical and mental health for a number of reasons, according to Wang.

In general, he explained, such work may help older adults maintain the active lifestyles they had during their careers and decrease any stress they might feel from the transition into retirement.   wwwWang said when it comes to mental health, for instance, bridge work may help by allowing people to keep some of the "role identity" that they have formed over their careers.

Staying active in general, not only through work, can also benefit retirees' physical health, Wang noted. He added, however, that any mental health benefits are likely to depend on the type of activity -- whether it is something that the person truly enjoys, and that helps ease any stress of moving into retirement.

"These findings," Wang said, "suggest that for retirees and prospective retirees, carefully considering whether to engage in bridge employment -- and if so, what types of bridge employment -- is quite important."

What does the underlined phrase “at the outset” mean?__________

A. at least  B. at least  C. at the beginning  D. at last

People who went into some form of bridge employment have less chances to get the following diseases, EXCEPT___________.

A. arthritis      B. heart disease      C. diabetes      D. low blood pressure

Which of the following statement is WRONG?_________

A. As long as retirees move into “bridge employment”, they must be healthier than those who do not.

B. The participants in the study were between 51 and 61 years old.

C. The bridge workers are also less likely to get depression.

D. Staying active is beneficial to the retirees’ physical health.

What can we infer from the passage?________

A. The study was begun in 1992 and lasts for two 6-year periods

B. If a bridge worker is older than 61 years old, it does not mean that he will get a better health than others who enjoy full retirement.

C. Only by moving into “bridge employment” can the retirees enjoy better health both physically and psychologically.

D. Any activity can benefit the retirees’ mental health.

Which is the best title of the passage?

A. A US study

B. Bridge Work

C. Working after retiring can be good for your health

D. Stay active

We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang．Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests’ coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom.

The guests arrived．I introduced my two daughters to each of them．The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids.

Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile．They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.

I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big "to do" over the younger one because she’s the one who seems more easily hurt．We do it with the best of intentions.

But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child．I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined．I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes．I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying.

I said, "What are you doing, my dear?"

She turned to me with a sad expression and said, "Mommy, why don’t people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I ‘m not pretty? Is that why they don’t say nice things about me as much?"

I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better.

Now, whenever I visit a friend’s home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first.

The underlined expression “make a big ‘to do’ over” (paragraph 4) means ______.

A．show much concern about              B．have a special effect on

C．list jobs to be done for           D．do good things for

The guests praised Kelly for carrying coats upstairs because of her ______.

A．beautiful hair                         B．pretty clothes

C．lovely smile                      D．young age

Kristen felt sad and cried because ______.

       A．the guest gave her more coats to carry

       B．she didn’t look as pretty as Kelly

       C．the guests praised her sister more than her

       D．her mother didn’t introduce her to the guests

We can conclude from the passage that ______.

       A．parents should pay more attention to the elder children

       B．the younger children are usually more easily hurt

       C．people usually like the younger children more

       D．adults should treat children equally

Years ago while lying in my hammock （吊床）and drinking JD from the bottle, I noticed my dog dragging something under the fence．Upon inspection, to my disappointment, I realized it was the next door neighbor' s 10 - year - old daughter' s rabbit．For years I had watched her come home from school and head straight out to its cage, free it and play with it in the yard．I knew that day would be no different and fearing for our dog, I had to think fast．

       The rabbit was quite dirty, as if it had put up quite a struggle, so I washed it, combed it with the dog brush and blew it dry with the leaf blower．Upon finishing its grooming I jumped the fence and replaced it back in its cage hoping its death would be written off as "natural caused"．

       Back to the hammock and JD．Within the hour the neighbor' s Volvo palled in as usual and out popped the little girl, and as usual she headed straight for the cage．Only this time she stopped about six feet away and screamed: " D - A - D - D – Y！！！"

       Her father, panic stricken, stood looking at the cage．Being the good neighbor that I am, I rushed to fence and asked if there was anything I could do．

       Her father less than calmly shouted, "What kind of sick individual would dig up a little girl's rabbit and put it back in its cage?"

The girl was shocked because _____．

       A．the rabbit was killed by someone

       B．the rabbit was too clean

       C．the dead rabbit was cleaned and put back into the cage

       D．the rabbit was asleep in the cage

That day the girl ran to the cage _____．

       A．because her rabbit was there

       B．because she．had a habit of going there to see her rabbit

       C．because she wanted to see her rabbit again

       D．．because the rabbit was dead

We can infer that the rabbit ______．

       A．was alive before the writer saw his dog dragging it

       B．was already dead before the writer saw his dog dragging it

       C．was in the cage playing with the dog

       D．was at the fence seeking out for food before it was killed by the dog

According to the story, the writer _____．

       A．was helpful to his neighbor    B．did a smart thing

       C．was honest                   D．made a mistake

第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

在答题卡上改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

       Dan was the doorman of a club in the big city. Every                76.             

day, thousands of people passed his door, but a lot of                       77.             

them stopped and asking him, "What's the time, please?"                 78.             

       After few months, Dan said to himself, "I'm not                       79.             

going to answer all those stupid people no more. I'm                        80.              

going to buy a big clock and put them upon the wall                       81.             

here." Then he does so.                                                                       82.             

       "Now people are going to stop to ask me the time,"                  83.             

he thought happy. But after that, a lot of people stopped,                 84.             

looked at the clock and then asked Dan, "Is that clock all right?"      85.             

In my profession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS．The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life．They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages． Let me tell you about Tyler．

Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected．From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive．When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a vein in his chest．This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back．Medications were hooked up to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream．At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing．

Tyler wasn’t willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease．It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine - laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon．All of us who knew Tyler marveled at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him．Tyler’s mom often teased him by telling him that he moved so fast she needed to dress him in red．That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him．

This dreaded（可怕的） disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler．He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV - infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven．

A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, " I might die soon．I’m not scared．When I die, please dress me in red．Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too．I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me．"

his HIV - infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven．

A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, " I might die soon．I’m not scared．When I die, please dress me in red．Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too．I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me．"

What is the boy Tyler's attitude towards death?

A．pessimistic（悲观的）．  B．optimistic．     C．sorrowful．     D．fearful．

Tyler requested the writer to dress him in red when he died simply because___________．

A．red is a lucky color               B．red might help to cure him

C．his mom could spot him easily      D．he could find more mates by wearing red

Which of the following might serve as a possible title for this passage?

A．My unusual profession． B．A caring mother．

C．Mother and son．           D．Dying in red．

The underlined word dynamo in the fourth paragraph here means   ________________．

A．a promising and helpful youth          

B．an extremely energetic person

C．a rare and beautiful flower             

D．a magic and understanding superstar