The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

The problem we faced with is that our resources, here identified as money are __50__. The only way we can solve the problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of __51__ and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and __52__ we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics---deciding how to allocate(分配) our limited resources to provide __53__ with greatest satisfaction of our wants.
    Nations face the same problem. As a country's population __54__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are __55__ enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation __56__ of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find __57__ of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
    A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in __58__ abundance(丰富) that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the __59__ of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are __60__ very expensive to use. Population has made clean air and water expensive for producers extra cost, and __61__ taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.
    In the 1990s, almost all goods are __62__. Only by effort and money __63__ obtained in the from people wish.

Meeting needs of people and the demands from resource available __64__ the basic activity of production. In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
　　

XI'AN - China's conservation work for the endangered crested ibis（朱鹮）is facing new challenges, including an increasing mortality rate due to inbreeding, and the conflict between the need to expand natural habitats and local communities' economic interests, bird experts have warned.

The crested ibis, once widespread in Japan, China, Russia and the Korean Peninsula, almost became extinct in the first half of the 20th century.

Before 1981, when seven crested ibis were accidentally found in Yangxian county, in Northwest China's Shaanxi province, academics thought the species had been extinct in China for almost 17 years.

Due to the huge effort put into species protection since 1981, the number of crested ibis in China has risen to an estimated 1,617, including 997 in the wild, the State Forestry Administration said at a meeting on crested ibis protection in Xi'an on Monday.

However, although the ibis population exceeds 1,000, the birds are still not free from the threat of extinction, said Fang Shengguo, director of the State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife at Zhejiang University.

“Ornithologists used inbreeding in the early stages of protection so that numbers of the precious birds could increase quickly, but that method had consequences,” Fang said.

"Studies have proved that as a result of inbreeding, crested ibis have the lowest genetic diversity of all endangered birds," Fang said.

"It means a high mortality rate and more physical defects for hatched chicks."

“The government should collect genetic information from all crested ibis and establish a genetic database as soon as possible, then design a scientific mating plan for the species,” Fang said.

So far, about 90 percent of crested ibis live in Shaanxi province, and fewer than 140 ibis live in three zoos in other parts of the country, including Beijing Zoo, according to Liu Dongping, an assistant researcher at the National Bird Banding Center of China, which is affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Forestry.

The bird has lost the ability to migrate, he said, adding that if an unexpected natural disaster occurred in Shaanxi province or an infectious disease spread through the area, the ibis population could be greatly reduced.

Experts also warned that the increased population of ibis, whether in the wild or in captivity, requires a larger and more varied natural habitat.

Rampant hunting, the massive loss of habitat caused by deforestation and the overuse of pesticides, which killed aquatic insects on which the ibis feed, are believed to be the main reasons for the sharp reduction in the ibis population before 1981.

So, in 1983, a State-level natural reserve was set up in Shaanxi province to protect the bird. But the struggle for living space between human and animal has never stopped, said Lu Baozhong, deputy director of the Shaanxi Crested Ibis Conservation Station.

"For example, ibis often look for loaches in farmers' rice fields. Sometimes their claws trample the rice seedlings. In another case, villagers discovered some land with abundant mineral resources which happened to be a habitat for ibis," said Lu, who has devoted 30 years to ibis protection.

A long-term win-win solution for ibis and local communities needs to be developed, one that would provide ecological compensation for local residents, Lu said.

1..    What’s the best title for the passage?

  A. The Rare Bird in China             B. New Problems for the Crested Ibis

  C. The Way to Save the Crested Ibis     D. The Reason for the Crested Ibis’s Extinction

2. Which of the following statement is TRUE ?

A. The crested ibis is a native of China.

  B. Before 1981, the crested ibis was extinct in China.

  C. The crested ibis is now free from the threat of extinction.

  D. Most of the crested ibis are in Shaanxi province.

3.. Why did the experts adopt the way of inbreeding to protect the crested ibis?

  A. To increase the mortality rate.

  B. To increase the number of the crested ibis.

  C. To get more physical defects for hatched chicks

  D. To have the lowest diversity of the endangered bird.

4.. What may be the reason for the reduction in the population of the crested ibis before 1981?

  A. inbreeding                  B. economic development

  C. over hunting                D. sandstorm

5.. What can we learn from the passage?

  A. Due to our great efforts, the crested ibis lives in the wild well.

  B. Scientists will choose a better habitat for the crested ibis.

  C. The problems of the crested ibis have not been solved now.

  D. The government has established a genetic database of the crested ibis.

China is a wonderful land ______ minerals.

1. A.
   is abundant in
2. B.
   abundant in
3. C.
   in abundant
4. D.
   is in abundant

Do you know about a series of books that say they are “for dummies”? These American self-help books have been translated into more than thirty-nine language including Chinese, Arabic, Russian, French, German, Greek and Spanish.

“Dummy” is a word for a stupid person. The dummies books are not really for stupid people. They are designed to show people how to do something they may never have tried before, like painting a house or learning a language. The books all say in a funny way that they are for dummies, such as World History for Dummies, Rabbits for Dummies, Chinese Cooking for Dummies, and Wedding Planning for Dummies. The first such book, Dos for Dummies, was published in 1991. It helped people learn how to use the DOS operating system for computers. Since then, more than one hundred fifty million dummies books have been sold.

The dummies. Com website explains the idea behind the books. It says that they show that people can be taught to do anything. First they can make fun of ideas that are difficult to understand. Then they show how the information can be interesting and easy. The publishers say that the books do not provide more information than necessary. They give readers just enough information to do what they want. They say that the dummies books give the best and easiest way to do something. And the books use simple and easy language.

These are more than one thousand different dummies books. A report in New York Times say that the top-selling dummies books are those that explain technology and personal finance.

The publishers say that the best-selling dummies books are those providing information many people need-like information about diseases books to help them. And there are even more dummies books to come. The publishers say that they publish about two hundred new dummies books every year.

Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

   A. Books for Dummies            B. The Easiest, the Best

   C. Self-Help Books               D. New Ideas behind the books

According to the dummies.com website, people can            with the help of dummies books.

   A. simple some personal things       B. do anything they want

   C. become expert in any field         D. learn any foreign language

The dummies books have been popular because               

   A. they provide just what is needed and are easy to understand

   B. they provide abundant information on the concerning subject

   C. people can learn to do anything with just one copy

   D. people can save lots of money through self-teaching

According to New York Times, we know that books on             sell best.

    A. technology and personal finance       B. opera and car repairing

    C. diseases and education               D. cooking and world history

What can we learn from the passage?

    A. The first dummies book was on Chinese cooking.

    B. The dummies books will continue to be popular

    C. Fifty million different dummies books have been published.

    D. The simple language was intended for child readers.

 To solve the problem, we would appreciate it if you could give us an ______ explanation and compensate (补偿) us.

A．abundant         B．adequate          C．approximate       D．awesome