题目列表(包括答案和解析)
阅读理解
Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of foods that are considered more healthful than the types of foods sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health foods. A narrower classification of health food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the some food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, whereas refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives, is not. The most precise term of all and the narrowest classification within health foods is organic food, used to describe food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetables that are grown in gardens that are treated only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic foods, meats, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only organically－grown feed and that are not injected with hormones are organic foods.
In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed foods, or organic, unprocessed foods. A wise decision should include investigation of the reason why that processed foods contain chemicals, some of which are proved to be toxic and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed foods.
Bread in typically used by health food advocates as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical which is extremely toxic. Later, the grain is sprayed with a number of very toxic insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another Chemical which is also toxic. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisons, and in fact, the softener has sickened and kiled experimental animals.
A very toxic anti-fungal compound, is added to keep the bread from getting moldy.
Other foods from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving. You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color, and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want－even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferable the organic variety.
1．What is the main idea of this passage?
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2．Which term is used to distinguish between types of the same food?
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3．What happens to food when it is processed?
[ ]
A．The ultimate content remains the same.
B．Vitamin information is not available after processing.
C．Vitamin content is reduced altogether.
D．The vitamin content is greatly reduced.
4．We normally buy foods on the basis of ________.
[ ]
Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.
In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the men’s house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.
Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lese on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple’s eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.
Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, arc not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be children of that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.
There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste (social class) system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva（唾液）,of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.
【小题1】According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?
| A．The English during regular meals. |
| B．Americans on their first date. |
| C．Men and women in Near Eastern societies. |
| D．Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland. |
| A．favors | B．prohibitions | C．hatred | D．gossips |
| A．the type of food | B．social relations. |
| C．marital status | D．family ties. |
| A．Different kinds of food in western countries. |
| B． Relations between food and social units. |
| C． Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food. |
| D．Food consumption in different cultures. |
Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.
In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.
Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lese on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.
Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, arc not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be children of that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.
There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste (social class) system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva（唾液）,of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.
1.According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?
|
A．The English during regular meals. |
|
B．Americans on their first date. |
|
C．Men and women in Near Eastern societies. |
|
D．Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland. |
2.In Paragraph 4, the underlined word "taboos" means _____________.
|
A．favors |
B．prohibitions |
C．hatred |
D．gossips |
3. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT .
|
A．the type of food |
B．social relations. |
|
C．marital status |
D．family ties. |
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
|
A．Different kinds of food in western countries. |
|
B． Relations between food and social units. |
|
C． Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food. |
|
D．Food consumption in different cultures. |
I do my best to take care of my health, and my 1 , but it's not always easy. My wife and I 2 the cooking and shopping, and I'm 3 more careful than she is about buying foods 4 don't have colorings or other 5 of chemicals 6 . I know you can't 7 things 8 that entirely, but I really try to do my best. I think that chemicals 9 cause more health problems than most people think they do.
We don't smoke, and 10 don't have many friends who do; but my mother can't live without her 11 , and of course 12 here, all of the air we 13 has some smoke in it.
The whole family gets some kind of exercise: 14 the children are very interested in swimming, my wife runs 15 and I play squash(皮球游戏) 16 three times a week.
Actually I think we are healthier now than when we were younger; we began 17 more 18 to food when the children were young, and wanted to give them a good 19 by keeping 20 ourselves. I certainly get fewer headaches, colds and flu (流行感冒) than I did then.
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Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of food that is considered more healthy than the types of food sold in supermarkets.For example，whole grains，dried beans，and corn oil are health foods.A narrower classification of health food is natural food.This term is used to distinguish between types of the same food.Raw honey is a natural sweetener，while refined(提炼的)sugar is not.The most exact term of all and the narrowest classification within health food is organic food，used to describe food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm.Fruits and vegetables that are grown in gardens，that are treated only with organic fertilizers，that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides(杀虫剂)，and that are not refined after harvest，are organic food.
In choosing the type of food you eat，then you have basically two choices：inorganic，processed(加工)food or organic，unprocessed food.A wise decision should include study of the reason why processed food contains chemicals，some of which are proved to be poisonous and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed food.
Bread is typically used by health food supporters as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical which is extremely harmful. Later, the grain is sprayed with a number of very deadly insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemical which is also poisonous. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisons，and in fact, the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals.
A very poisonous antifungal compound is added to keep the bread from getting moldy(发霉的)．
Other food from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving. You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color, and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods，preferably the organic variety.
1．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Health food. B．The processing of bread.
C．Processed food. D．Poisons.
2．What do all of the additives in bread have in common?
A．They are all used to keep the bread from getting moldy.
B．They are all poisonous.
C．They are all organic.
D．They have all killed laboratory animals.
3．What happens to food when it is processed?
A．The basic content remains the same.
B．Vitamin is not available after processing.
C．The vitamin content increases a bit.
D．The vitamin content is greatly reduced.
4．We normally buy food on the basis of________.
A. organic variety B. beauty
C. refined contents D. smell, color and texture
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