When you think of all the ways your body can get hurt---falling off a bike, stepping on a nail, being bitten by a crazed dog---the aches and pains that come from sitting at a computer may not seem like much.
But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line.
Ergonomics is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that’s working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer.
The monitor
You should not have to tilt（倾斜） your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.
How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen.
The keyboard
It should be directly in front of you. Don’t unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists “neutral,” which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles.
Arms should be close to the body. Don’t look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don’t have to reach for it.
The chair
Your feet shouldn’t dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there.
The Body
If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine.
Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat.
【小题1】The passage mainly talks about        .

When you think of all the ways your body can get hurt---falling off a bike, stepping on a nail, being bitten by a crazed dog---the aches and pains that come from sitting at a computer may not seem like much.

But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line.

Ergonomics is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that’s working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer.

The monitor

You should not have to tilt（倾斜） your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.

How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen.

The keyboard

It should be directly in front of you. Don’t unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists “neutral,” which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles.

Arms should be close to the body. Don’t look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don’t have to reach for it.

The chair

Your feet shouldn’t dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there.

The Body

If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine.

Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat.

1.The passage mainly talks about        .

A．avoiding pains caused by using PC           B．the science of ergonomics

C．illness caused by a computer               D．how to keep fit

2.The underlined word “ergonomics” most probably means ______ in Chinese.  

A．管理学           B．人机工程学        C．机械工程学        D．经济学

3.How high should a monitor be placed according to the passage?

A．As high as your arms.

B．A little higher than your eyes.

C．A little lower than your eyes.

D．At the same level as your eyes.

4.How shouldn’t a keyboard be placed?

A．Tilting away from you.                    B．Tilting up toward you.

C．Flat.                                  D．Not mentioned.

5.How should you place your foot?

A．Rest them on a phone book.               B．Rest them on the floor.

C．They should rest flat.                     D．They should dangle.

When you think of all the ways your body can get hurt---falling off a bike, stepping on a nail, being bitten by a crazed dog---the aches and pains that come from sitting at a computer may not seem like much.
But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line.
Ergonomics is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that’s working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer.
The monitor
You should not have to tilt（倾斜） your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.
How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen.
The keyboard
It should be directly in front of you. Don’t unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists “neutral,” which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles.
Arms should be close to the body. Don’t look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don’t have to reach for it.
The chair
Your feet shouldn’t dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there.
The Body
If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine.
Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat

1. 1.

   The passage mainly talks about        

   1. A.
      avoiding pains caused by using PC
   2. B.
      the science of ergonomics
   3. C.
      illness caused by a computer
   4. D.
      how to keep fit
2. 2.

   The underlined word “ergonomics” most probably means ______ in Chinese

   1. A.
      管理学
   2. B.
      人机工程学
   3. C.
      机械工程学
   4. D.
      经济学
3. 3.

   How high should a monitor be placed according to the passage?

   1. A.
      As high as your arms
   2. B.
      A little higher than your eyes
   3. C.
      A little lower than your eyes
   4. D.
      At the same level as your eyes
4. 4.

   How shouldn’t a keyboard be placed?

   1. A.
      Tilting away from you
   2. B.
      Tilting up toward you
   3. C.
      Flat
   4. D.
      Not mentioned
5. 5.

   How should you place your foot?

   1. A.
      Rest them on a phone book
   2. B.
      Rest them on the floor
   3. C.
      They should rest flat
   4. D.
      They should dangle

When someone says “SHARK” most people think of a big, toothy, underwater animal; basically we are imagining a Great White. In fact sharks come in all shapes, sizes and even colors! Follow me please; I’d like to show you a very special small shark commonly known as horn sharks, only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America.

Look at this shark, and you can easily see the horns on it and you will know the reason why it is called the horn shark is that it has the broad, flattened head and two large horn-like spines(脊椎) found behind its eyes and makes it one of the hardiest of all shark species. What makes it unique is that as its enemy attempts to swallow it, the spines on its back will stick into the enemy’s mouth and give a good chance for it to get away.

The horn shark is brown in color with black spots all over its body. The adults can reach up to a length of 4 feet and weigh up to 10 kg. An interesting fact about the horn shark is that it has five gills(鳃). The horn shark is a clumsy swimmer using its flexible pectoral fins(胸鳍)to push itself along the bottom of the ocean. The maximum distance that has ever been recorded for a horn shark to have traveled out from its habitat is 10 miles.

Today, as so little is known about its population off the Californian coast, they have been listed as being “Data Deficient” in the World Conservation Union. The horn shark is being threatened both by water pollution and commercial fishing in the area. Though they are not among those sea creatures hunted primarily for food, but they often get caught as a by-catch in fishing expeditions.

1.The horn shark gets its name for______.

A. its small size                            B. its large eyes

C. its two large spines                       D. its brown color with spots

2.How is paragraph 3 mainly developed?

A. By giving descriptions                     B. By following time order

C. By analyzing causes                       D. By making comparisons

3.Which factors contribute to the horn shark’s being on the “Data Deficient” list?

①That people like hunting them for pets        ②That people fish them for fun

③Water pollution off the coast                ④Knowing little about them

A. ①②                B.②③            C. ①④            D.③④

4. According to the passage, all of the following are unique to the horn shark EXCEPT that_____.

A. it doesn’t travel far

B. it is good at swimming

C. its spines can be used to attack the enemy and escape

D. it is only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America

When someone says “SHARK” most people think of a big, toothy, underwater animal; basically we are imagining a Great White. In fact sharks come in all shapes, sizes and even colors! Follow me please; I’d like to show you a very special small shark commonly known as horn sharks, only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America.
Look at this shark, and you can easily see the horns on it and you will know the reason why it is called the horn shark is that it has the broad, flattened head and two large horn-like spines(脊椎) found behind its eyes and makes it one of the hardiest of all shark species. What makes it unique is that as its enemy attempts to swallow it, the spines on its back will stick into the enemy’s mouth and give a good chance for it to get away.
The horn shark is brown in color with black spots all over its body. The adults can reach up to a length of 4 feet and weigh up to 10 kg. An interesting fact about the horn shark is that it has five gills(鳃). The horn shark is a clumsy swimmer using its flexible pectoral fins(胸鳍)to push itself along the bottom of the ocean. The maximum distance that has ever been recorded for a horn shark to have traveled out from its habitat is 10 miles.
Today, as so little is known about its population off the Californian coast, they have been listed as being “Data Deficient” in the World Conservation Union. The horn shark is being threatened both by water pollution and commercial fishing in the area. Though they are not among those sea creatures hunted primarily for food, but they often get caught as a by-catch in fishing expeditions

1. 1.

   The horn shark gets its name for______

   1. A.
      its small size
   2. B.
      its large eyes
   3. C.
      its two large spines
   4. D.
      its brown color with spots
2. 2.

   How is paragraph 3 mainly developed?

   1. A.
      By giving descriptions
   2. B.
      By following time order
   3. C.
      By analyzing causes
   4. D.
      By making comparisons
3. 3.

   Which factors contribute to the horn shark’s being on the “Data Deficient” list?
   ①That people like hunting them for pets       ②That people fish them for fun
   ③Water pollution off the coast               ④Knowing little about them

   1. A.
      ①②
   2. B.
      ②③
   3. C.
      ①④
   4. D.
      ③④
4. 4.

   According to the passage, all of the following are unique to the horn shark EXCEPT that_____

   1. A.
      it doesn’t travel far
   2. B.
      it is good at swimming
   3. C.
      its spines can be used to attack the enemy and escape
   4. D.
      it is only found in the coastal waters of north-west North America