C
Jiang Nan, a full-time mother in Beijing, keeps a dozen or so cloth bags at home, carefully selecting one or two before heading out to get groceries. “Most of them were giveaways from advertising marketing campaigns, but
others had been handed out in the street by various environmental protection organizations,” she explained.
Since June 2008 China has forbidden the production,
sale and usage of plastic bags thinner than 0.025 millimeter (毫米), and retailers(零售商) are not allowed to provide free plastic bags to their customers, regardless of the thickness.
Many Chinese consumers like Jiang have learned to refuse plastic bags whenever possible in their shopping. “A plastic bag may only cost a few jiao, but it’s more about how bad they are for the environment,” Jiang said.
The plastic ban is for the most part well carried out in big cities, and has been distinctly effective in reducing white waste. On the first anniversary of the plastic ban Global Village of Beijing, an NGO environmental organization, shows that during the year of the ban the consumption of plastic bags fell by about 40 billion pieces in chain supermarkets alone, saving more than 1.2 million tons of petroleum.
However, enforcement shows considerably less muscle in smaller cities, towns and country-
side. In a remote town like Lichuan, the awareness of environmental protection is not as strong as that in big cities. Street vendors(街头小贩) worry that they are likely to lose customers if they charge them for plastic bags. Seeing no significance in the issue, local government often turn a blind eye to banned bag traffic in the market.
There are still those who don’t have an interest in living green. Cui Lin, another Beijinger, often forgets to bring a cloth bag when shopping, and has to buy plastic bags. “Anyway I think plastic bags are neater and cleaner, and I don’t mind paying a couple more jiao,” he shrugged.
Mrs Yu, a vegetable vendor in Lichuan County, Jiangxi Province, recalled that before plastic bags became popular in the early 1990s, Chinese people always carried a bamboo basket when they visited the market. “Plastic bags are more convenient,” she comments, and her view might be that of the tens of millions of people in the nation who still cling to plastic bags, paid or free. This is suggested by her trade where piles of plastic bags are still passed out every day.
49. In Paragraph 1, the writer uses Jiang Nan’s case to __________.

The Making of a Surgeon
How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident （进修医生） drew to a close, I asked myself this question  36  more than one occasion．
The answer, I concluded, was  37 ．When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just  38  or better than any other surgeon”-- then, and not until then, you are  39  a surgeon．I was  40  that point．
41  , for example, the emergency situations that we met almost every night．The first few months of the year I had  42  the ringing of the telephone．I knew it meant another critical decision to be  43 ．Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular   44  , I'd have trouble getting back to sleep．I'd  45  all the facts of the case and, often, wonder  46  I had made a poor decision．More than once at two or three in the  47  , after lying awake for an hour, I’d get out of   48  , dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself．It was the only  49  I could find the   50  of mind I needed to relax．
Now, in the last month of my residency,  51  was no longer a problem．Sometimes I still couldn’t be sure of my decision, but I had learned to  52  this as a constant problem for a surgeon．I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I'd made was bound to be a  53  one．It was a nice feeling．
This all sounds conceited （自负的） and I guess it is --  54  a surgeon needs conceit．He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the  55  and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine．He has to feel that he's as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world．Call it conceit -- call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it．

The Making of a Surgeon

How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident （进修医生） drew to a close, I asked myself this question  36  more than one occasion．

The answer, I concluded, was  37 ．When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just  38  or better than any other surgeon”-- then, and not until then, you are  39  a surgeon．I was  40  that point．

41  , for example, the emergency situations that we met almost every night．The first few months of the year I had  42  the ringing of the telephone．I knew it meant another critical decision to be  43 ．Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular   44  , I'd have trouble getting back to sleep．I'd  45  all the facts of the case and, often, wonder  46  I had made a poor decision．More than once at two or three in the  47  , after lying awake for an hour, I’d get out of   48  , dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself．It was the only  49  I could find the   50  of mind I needed to relax．

Now, in the last month of my residency,  51  was no longer a problem．Sometimes I still couldn’t be sure of my decision, but I had learned to  52  this as a constant problem for a surgeon．I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I'd made was bound to be a  53  one．It was a nice feeling．

This all sounds conceited （自负的） and I guess it is --  54  a surgeon needs conceit．He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the  55  and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine．He has to feel that he's as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world．Call it conceit -- call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it．

Difficult times often bring out the best in people. And this was the case for basketball star Yao Ming, who hosted a television show in Shanghai that raised US$300,000 to help researchers find a cure for SARS. Fundraising, or charity, is an act of goodwill towards others. Charities in the West have more flexible ways. Look at a typical day for Ruth, a wealthy woman in the UK, for example. Ruth wakes up in the morning and collects her post. There’s a letter addressed to her with a picture of a half-dead, beaten horse. It’s from a charity asking Ruth to donate money to save the animals. The door bell rings and there, on Ruth’s doorstep, is an old woman asking for money to help the aged.She turns on the television, hears sad music and sees a picture of a wide-eyed child dying of hunger in Africa with an appeal for money to help the child. Ruth then goes shopping for a dress to wear to that evening’s large party for the rich and famous. The ticket cost her a small fortune, but she doesn’t mind because most of the money is going to a charity that fights AIDS. She feels good about going because she’s helping the sick. Within five minutes of walking down the street, Ruth has passed a charity shop. She doesn’t stop because she doesn’t think she’d find a suitable dress there—it’s full of old, secondhand clothes. But, many other people enter and but all sorts of bargains. Edna, a little old lady, looks after the shop. Any profit it has made goes to a cancer charity. Now that she has retired, she has plenty of spare time to offer her services for free.

For people like Yao Ming, Ruth and Edna, charity is a virtue that holds the same importance in life as faith and hope. “As you look back on your life, the moments that stand out are the moments when you have done things for others,” said Scottish author Henry Drummond.

1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story as a way of fundraising?

   A．Charity party                                        B．Charity post

   C．Charity TV program                             D．Charity for beggars.

2．What does the word “raise” in the first paragraph mean?

   A．Collect together                                    B．Donate

   C．Increase                                              D．Bring to someone’s attention.

3．What’s the writer’s attitude towards charity?

   A．The writer thinks it’s something only people like Ruth can afford to do

   B．The writer just wants to inform us of the different ways to practice charity

   C．The writer thinks it’s a virtue and admires the people who practice it

   D．The writer doesn’t make it clear in the story

4．The underlined part in the last paragraph probably means that .

   A．when you look back sometimes, you need stand out

   B．when you want to do something for others, you need stand out

   C．the moment you stand out, you can do something for others

   D．what impresses people deeply is what they have done for others