题目列表(包括答案和解析)
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard patterns" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedes, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The surprising distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?
| A．needs of the readers all over the world |
| B．causes of the public disappointment about newspapers |
| C．origins of the declining newspaper industry |
| D．aims of a journalism credibility project |
| A．quite trustworthy | B．somewhat contradictory |
| C．very instructive | D．rather superficial(肤浅的) |
| A．working attitude | B．conventional lifestyle |
| C．world outlook | D．educational background |
Betty and Harold have been married for years.But one thing still puzzles old Harold.How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa,talking,go out to a ballgame,come back three and a half hours later,and they’re still sitting on the sofa?Talking?
What in the world,Harold wonders,do they have to talk about?
Betty shrugs.Talk?We’re friends.
Researching this matter called friendship,psychologist Lilian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men.No matter what their age,their job,their sex,the results were completely clear:women have more friendships than men,and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is “marked and unmistakable.”
More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend.Those who could were likely to name a woman.Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend,and almost always it was a woman.More married men than women named their wife/husband as a best friend,most trusted person,or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress(感情危机).“Most women,”says Rubin,“identified at least one,usually more,trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment,and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives.”
“In general,”writes Rubin in her new book,“women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support,but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities.”For the most part,Rubin says,interactions(交往)between men are emotionally controlled-a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior.”
“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,”Robin writes,“the two share little about their innermost feelings.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.”
1.What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that_____.
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A．he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband |
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B．women show little interest in ballgames |
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C．women have so much to share |
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D．he finds his wife difficult to talk to |
2.Rubin’s study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to _____.
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A．a male friend |
B．her parents |
C．a female friend |
D．her husband |
3.According to the text,which type of behavior is NOT expected of a man by society?
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A．Ending his marriage without good reason. |
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B．Complaining about his marriage trouble. |
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C．Spending too much time with his friends. |
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D．Going out to ballgames too often. |
4.Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?
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A．Women are more serious than men about marriage. |
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B．Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves. |
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C．Men often take sudden action to end their marriage. |
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D．Women depend on others in making decisions. |
5.The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around_____.
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A．friendships of men and women |
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B．happy and successful marriages |
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C．emotional problems in marriage |
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D．interactions between men and women |
There is an old Chinese proverb that states "One Generation plants the trees; another gets the shade," and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibility and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.
Marina, 27 years old, says, "I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn't consider her my best friend. Best friends don't pay for your wedding. Best friends don't remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don't tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn't mean that the mother and daughter relationship can't be very close and satisfying.
While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.
Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren't speaking. The mother and child relationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother's emotional well-being. It isn’t that they don't care deeply about their mothers. It's just that they shouldn't be burdened with their mother's well being.
The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mother always "trumps" friend.
1.The underlined word “preclude” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_________”.
A. differ B. prevent C. benefit D. change
2.Why do many mothers and adult daughters keep a rewarding relationship?
A. Because they have a lot in common.
B. Because they have common family values.
C. Because they have no generation gap.
D. Because they keep a constant relationship.
3.What do we know from the passage?
A. The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.
B. A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.
C. The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends’ friendship.
D. Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.
4.The author proves his statements mainly by _________.
A. listing data B. giving explanations C. quoting sayings D. making examples
5.What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to be a good mother and daughter
B. Who is a mother’s best friend?
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. Can a mother be a daughter’s best friend?
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I met Mr Jim Lemon I was a seventeen-year-old freshman at Houston's Jackson Junior High.The chances of my finishing high school were 36 . I was a troubled teenage.
Mr Lemon taught American history and was quite 37 from the other teachers I had known. Not only was he 38 , but also he was a great teacher. He pushed and never tolerated the mediocrity(平庸) that had become my standard.
On the occasion of our first semester report cards, Mr Lemon 39 me aside and asked how it was possible that I was a B student in his class and a C student in the 40 of my classes. I passionately told him about my 41 parents, the local gangs, the drugs, the fights, the police---all of the evils I had been 42 to. It was then that Mr Lemon 43 explained that the only person 44 for my situation was me. And the only person with the 45 to change my situation was me. He 46 me that I was failing not because I was a failure. He inspired me to become a better student and he 47 my life.
Ten years later I was preparing to graduate from a university when I spoke to him again . 48 I did get him on the phone, I told him that I had been saving money so that I could invite him to come to Hawaii at my 49 to be a part of my graduation.
I'll never forget his 50 . He said,"Who is this again?" I was just one of hundreds of the students whose life he changed 51 he had no idea of his influence.
Mr Lemon never came to my graduation, but his 52 taught me another valuable lesson. His final lesson for me was that we will never know or understand the 53 we have on other people's lives. He taught me that we all have the 54 to effect people's lives for the 55 ... Or for the worse.
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I felt gloomy (沮丧的) the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy, and I just didn’t feel so 1 .
As I was sitting at my desk, I 2 it was the birthday of a dear long-time friend — a single, middle-aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loves her 3 .
Knowing that she doesn’t have family in town, I 4 to give her a call. Sure enough, she was on B-shift, 5 to work late into the evening, and wouldn’t have 6 of a birthday this year. As always, 7 , she sounded cheerful and was happy that I 8 .
After I hung up, I couldn’t 9 the feeling that she would really appreciate a little attention on her special day. 10 feeling a little gloomy myself, I tried to put it out of my mind, but as the day passed I couldn’t shake the thought. I 11 gave in, and that evening set off to the hospital with a card, a cheese cake, and some balloons. My friend’s grateful smile and joyful surprise 12 me I’d done the right thing and were a generous 13 for the little effort it had taken.
When I got home, I realized that not only had I cheered up a 14 friend on her birthday, but my own gloomy feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had 15 my own!
Isn’t that the way it is 16 we take the time and make the 17 to do something for someone else? It’s like the little saying, “Loving kindness is twice blessed; it blesses him who gives, and him who 18 .”
Cheering up people on their birthdays isn’t the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with 19 to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a difference to 20 . And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better for us too.
1. A. special B. positive C. nervous D. proud
2. A. explained B. complained C. remembered D. informed
3. A. family B. training C. work D. school
4. A. decided B. continued C. agreed D. refused
5. A. surprised B. disappointed C. bored D. prepared
6. A. much B. many C. little D. few
7. A. though B. besides C. therefore D. otherwise
8. A. admitted B. called C. succeeded D. apologized
9. A. experience B. imagine C. shake D. understand
10. A. Almost B. Even C. Never D. Still
11. A. luckily B. finally C. unhappily D. hardly
12. A. convinced B. advised C. promised D. reminded
13. A. response B. contribution C. reward D. share
14. A. careless B. lonely C. weak D. curious
15. A. troubled B. taken C. wasted D. made
16. A. when B. where C. why D. how
17. A. suggestion B. friend C. effort D. call
18. A. tries B. receives C. expects D. cares
19. A. opportunities B. dreams C. choices D. regrets
20.A. someone B. something C. everyone D. Everything
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