For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner．Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict．In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it．From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness．And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely．Both feel trapped．

In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap．The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things．Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends．Second, blaming．The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong．Third, needing to be right．It doesn’t matter what the topic is — politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg — the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something — and  therefore to command respect．Unfortunately, as long as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress．

Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?

A．both can continue for generations．      B．Both are about where to draw the line．

C．Neither has any clear winner．          D．Neither can be put to an end．

What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict．

B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict．

C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them．

D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents．

Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________．

A．give orders to the other       B．know more than the other

C．gain respect from the other    D．get the other to behave properly

What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A．causes for the parent–teen conflicts      

B．Examples of the parent–teen war．

C．Solutions for the parent–teen problems        

D．Future of the parent–teen relationship

   The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is present．

   The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward．On giving this “handshake” the dogs received a piece of food．One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food．The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the task．

   The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded．

   To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner．Here they continued to present the paw for much longer．

   Dr Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behaviour．

   “The only difference is one gets food and the other doesn’t, they are responding to being unequally rewarded．” she said．

   The researchers say this kind of behaviour, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates(灵长类) before．

   Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward．

   The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference．Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either．Dr Range says this may be because they have been trained．

57．The dogs refused to give the paw when they_______．

       A．found another dog was given nothing

       B．felt they were not treated equally

       C．were aware they received less food

       D．were given too much reward

58．What would the dogs do if they presented their paw alone?

       A．They would go on with the performance much longer．

       B．They would be too shy to present their paw．

       C．They would miss their partners．

       D．They would compare what they got with that of others．

59．According to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees ______．

       A．pay no attention to the type of reward

       B．only like to play interesting games

       C．pay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewarded

       D．care more about how they are rewarded

60．Which of the following can best summerise the passage?

       A．Animals’ various ways to show anger

       B．Dogs are more envious than man

       C．Most animals want to be be rewarded for their work

       D．Animals also have a sense of fairplay

Psychology（心理学）tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially (尤其)when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.

Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn’t have the fear（恐惧）to move on. This is because of one or two failures in their lives. Please step out and don’t let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on!

In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides(提供) us with the desire (渴望)to experiment and take chances.

Risk taking is a great benefit（好处）that allowed our ancestors(祖先) to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories（领土）. This attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk taking activity that even the average person seems to enjoy although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological (生物学上的) connection （联系）creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.

Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk. There is such thing as perfect safety. We need to take risks so that we can complete (finish) many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company. However, without doing that, they could not make more money.

We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It’s one of the most important parts of life.

Some people don’t want to take risks, mainly （主要）because ___________.

 A. they are too lazy to move on

 B. they feel pleased with the present life.

 C. they have experienced some failures before

 D. they show little interest in the strange world outside

What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 4 mean?

 A. Taking risks

 B. Fighting off enemies

 C. Discovering new territories

 D. Becoming stronger and stronger

What can we infer from the passage?

 A. Daily life is full of risks

 B. The safest place has the greatest risk

 C. People should take risks when they are young

 D. We can always achieve our goals by taking risks

What would be the title for the passage?

 A. Taking risks is easier said than done

 B. On risks taken by ancestors

 C. Live our life to the fullest(充分地)

 D. No risk, no gain.

My parents passed away ten years ago and I miss them terribly. But I know they are with me every day in what they taught me and in the    36    they gave me. Every morning my father’s message to me was: Remember that    37    you walk out of this door, you carry responsibility, the good name of this family, the hopes and dreams of your mom and dad. My mother often urged me to   38   the high standards she set for me.

When I was in high school, I played in a rock band with friends in my class. We were devoted and practiced constantly. We moved past the guys – in – a – garage stage and   39   to be pretty good, doing getting – paid gigs (演奏会) most weekends, which made me   40   . At that time, though part of me was   41   up in that band, another part of me was the oldest son in the Clark family,   42    of my origin and a dedicated student busy applying to colleges. Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard. I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in,   43   I wanted to try. So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and   44   goals. I was running on parallel   45  .

When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up. My band mates had stars in their eyes – we might be able to make it big. However, I began to feel   46  . I realized I was on quite different tracks: I   47   was becoming two people,   48   identities back and forth depending on who I was with. I had to make an option. As I considered my   49  , my parents’ words were right there, helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus. So I   50   out. My bandmasters were   51  . They thought I was crazy to withdraw   52   the peak of real success. But however successful that band got, I knew it wasn’t in line with my   53  , with my feeling of what I was   54   to do, with who I was – it simply wasn’t me.

In that instant and in many others throughout my life, my parent’s advice has helped me recenter and   55  . I could remember who I was – the hopes and dreams I carried.

A．property            B．advice             C．guide            D．aid

A．when                   B．before             C．while            D．since

A．come up with      B．stand up to       C．live up to         D．keep pace with

A．got                      B．failed                  C．hoped              D．attempted

A．lost                      B．disappointed     C．confused          D．thrilled

A．wrapped            B．centered           C．spent            D．offered

A．scared                  B．proud              C．guilty              D．ashamed

A．if                        B．unless              C．until                D．yet

A．economic             B．political           C．academic         D．literary

A．tracks                 B．ways               C．processes         D．directions

A．confident            B．optimistic        C．cheerful           D．uncomfortable

A．exactly               B．actually           C．eventually     D．fortunately

A．switching           B．acting              C．discovering      D．seeking

A．conditions          B．choices            C．competence      D．health

A．gave                  B．looked             C．called              D．dropped

A．disturbed            B．cool                C．shocked           D．tolerant

A．in                      B．to                    C．by                   D．at

A．goals                  B．interests           C．personality       D．consideration

A．meant                B．demanded     C．forced             D．aimed

A．recall                 B．refocus            C．rebuild            D．reunite

“Where would we be right now if I did not have the restaurant? How else would I be able to provide for our family? Who give me, a man without 36 ，a job?” My father 37 say these things on our car rides to the stores that supply our 38.

He would tell me stories of long, hard hours spent 39 in the hot kitchen and helping all the 40. Now I 41 late on weekends to welcome him， 42 that he will tell me something 43 .He always knows how to inspire me. I could never understand 44 he grew to be so wise without even having the opportunity to complete high school.

“Make sure you get a job 45 you have to wear a tie!” he’d always say with a smile. They were like a paintbrush(画笔) that began 46 this beautiful picture in my head that I have entitled(有资格的)my 47 in life.

My father has worked day in and day out，with few days off, for 20 years, never 48 .He would explain how this is 49 he had to do to make my 50 better. My father worked hard so that I 51 go to the best schools. He worked to supply me with 52 that would provide a job where I had to wear a tie.

My father is a 53 in which I can only hope to catch a reflection(反省)of myself. He is the one I strive to model myself after.  54 , when I make a great name for myself as a doctor, someone will ask, “Where did you get such a great work ethic (道德) ?”

“My father!” I’ ll say, adjusting(调整) my  55 and I’ ll smile.

A work                      B success              C money        D an education

A used to             B would               C always        D might

A family              B kitchen              C restaurant       D hotel

A to work             B work                 C works          D working

A friends              B cooks               C customers       D waiters

A hold up            B keep up               C stand up         D stay up

A wished             B wishing               C hoped          D hoping

A wonderful          B interesting              C big             D wise

A whether          B how                C where          D when

A when             B where              C which          D that

A putting             B describing             C imagining       D painting

A job               B success              C goal            D future

A complained        B complains           C complaining     D complaint

A what             B that                C which           D why

A job               B life               C days          D future

A would            B could             C should         D must

A opportunities      B hopes               C occasions        D possibilities

A model          B mirror                C hero            D example

A The other day      B Another day         C Some days       D One day

A tie                       B suit             C dress           D shirt