A. point B. view C. problem D. difficulty 查看更多

 

题目列表(包括答案和解析)

Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.
In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan,the “you to you” approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation(冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view. Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management(管理人员) and often does not consult middle management or the worker. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.
Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal fallsthrough, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressingfor a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonderat the slow pace in which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后)behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.
【小题1】 The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world         .

A.face great difficulty in making decisions
B.are different in decision-making styles
C.have all members contribute to a decision
D.have two approaches: “I to you” and “you to I”
【小题2】Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?
A.They carry out the decision once it is made.
B.There are many meetings in their businesses.
C.They work to achieve harmony in doing business.
D.They are good at handling confrontation situation.
【小题3】The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is         .
A.positiveB.criticalC.negativeD.casual(无所谓的)

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阅读理解。
     Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decision-making styles are significantly different. in different
cultures.
     In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the "I to you" approach
while Japan, the "you to you" approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from
their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation (冲突) situation, which Westerners are very
skillful in dealing with. The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person's point of view.
Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual (相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
     Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management (管理人员) and often does not
consult middle management or the worker. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and
opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on "bottom-up direction", ideas can be created at the lowest levels,
travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.
     Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business
person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to
determine a "you to you" approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job
above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are
often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressing for a
specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
     On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow
pace in which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners,
perhaps, lag (落后) behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.
1. A Japanese business bases its decision _____.
A. on top-down direction
B. on nothing but its workers' views
C. on bottom-up direction
D. only on its top leaders' opinions
2. The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world _____.
A. face great difficulty in making decisions
B. are different in decision-making styles
C. have all members contribute to a decision
D. have two approaches:"I to you" and "you to I"
3. Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?
A. They carry out the decision once it is made.
B. There are many meetings in their businesses.
C. They work to achieve harmony in doing business.
D. They are good at handling confrontation situation.
4. The author's attitude towards Japanese decision-making is _____.
A. positive
B. critical (批评的)
C. negative
D. casual (无所谓的)

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What separates people who reach their goals from everyone else is their ability to stay on track, despite challenges. __36__ will come; you can bet there will be chances for you to __37__ track. If you’re an athlete, it may be an injury that causes you to have to __38__ practices. If you’re trying to get to a healthy weight, you may have to travel __39__ and stay with a friend who doesn’t like to __40__. The point is that some kind of challenge will __41__.

      How we deal with these challenges __42__ the victims from the victors. You can use  challenges as a stepping __43__ or as a block, and you can use them to __44__ your ambition or  block your view; the __45__is yours.

      Challenges should __46__ to make you stronger and more consistent as you attend to each  difficulty. They should cause your __47__ to dig deeper, in search of a (an) __48__.

      The problem arises when you don’t __49__ challenges. If you can predict potential  problems and plan __50__, you will have confidence and your belief in yourself will __51__ up.

      Your ability to stay __52__ and overcome difficulties is what will __53__ and allow you to achieve your goal.

      Start working toward your dreams daily. Get started by setting __54__ what your next step  is to accomplish your goal. Then get into __55__ as you move closer to your goal daily.

36. A. Abilities           B. Goals             C. Possibilities    D. Challenges

37. A. get off             B. stick to           C. take off            D. attend to

38. A. appreciate        B. strengthen      C. miss                 D. confuse

39. A. disappointedly    B. unexpectedly     C. deliberately       D. daily

40. A. knock over               B. get through    C. put up              D. work out

41. A. arise                B. raise               C. appoint             D. turn

42. A. separates         B. protects          C. shelters            D. deserts

43. A. appointment    B. arrangement     C. stone                D. expectation

44. A. produce                  B. ignore            C. reduce              D. strengthen

45. A. choice             B. comment        C. preparation       D. promise

46. A. provide            B. serve              C. offer              D. expect

47. A. characteristics  B. ability              C. roots                D. signs

48. A. solution                  B. comfort          C. study                      D. adaptation

49. A. blame              B. accept            C. meet                D. expect

50. A. actually            B. otherwise       C. beforehand       D. after

51. A. put                         B. build              C. get                   D. bring

52. A. solved             B. focused          C. deserted           D. reduced

53. A. get you away     B. find you out    C. set you apart     D. keep you off

54. A. down                     B. up                  C. about                      D. out

55. A. effort              B. measure         C. plan                 D. action

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There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide-book __1__ hand. Of course, we may __2__ with our guide-books the history and__3__developments of a town and get to know them. __4__ then, if we take out time and__5__in a town for a while, we may get to know it better. When we __6__ it as a whole, we begin to have some__7__, which even the best guide-books do not answer. Why is the town just__8__this, this shape, this plan, this size? Why do its streets__9__ in this particular way, and not in any __10__ way?

     Here even the best guide-book__11__us. One can’t find in it the information about how a town has developed to the__12__appearance. It may not describe the original __13__ of a town. However, one may get some idea of what it__14__look like by walking around the town. One can also imagine_15__the town was first planned and built. Then one can learn more about in what direction the town__16__to develop.

     What is the__17__of studying towns in the way? For me, it is__18__that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one’s own eyes. A__19__visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive__20__ just reading about it in a guide-book.

1.  A. to              B. in             C. by                D. on

2.  A. write       B. tell             C. study             D. remember

3.  A. separate      B. strange         C. similar            D. special

4.  A. Since           B. Before          C. Until             D. But

5.  A. stay            B. march          C. work              D. sail

6.  A. look after    B. look at         C. look for           D. look up

7.  A. feelings     B. questions        C. ideas             D. opinions

8.  A. of              B. like            C. as                D. for

9.  A. run             B. open           C. begin             D. move

10.  A. one        B. such           C. more              D. other

11.  A. fails    B. tricks           C. helps             D. satisfies

12.  A. old        B. present          C. first              D. normal

13.  A. design     B. meaning         C. capital            D. change

14.  A. had to     B. seemed to       C. used to        D. happened to

15.  A. what            B. where           C. when             D. how

16.  A. continues    B. appears          C. starts             D. stops

17.  A. problem    B. view            C. point             D. difficulty

18.  A. simply    B. nearly           C. generally          D. badly

19.  A. costly      B. personal         C. group             D. formal

20.  A. from     B. with            C. through            D. than

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完形填空
     There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it,
guidebook in hand. Of course, we may __1__ with our guidebooks the history and __2__developments
of a town and get to know them. But then, if we __3__ our time and stay in a town for a while, we may get
to know it better. When we __4__ it as a whole, we begin to have some __5__, which even the best
guidebooks do not answer. Why is the town just like this, this shape, this plan, this size? Why do its
streets __6__in this particular way, and not in any __7__ way?
     Here even the best guidebook __8__ us. One can't find in it the information about how a town has
developed to the __9__ appearance. It may not describe the original __10__ of a town. However, one
may get some ideas of what it __11__look like by walking around the town. One can also imagine how
the town was first planned and built. Then one can learn more about in what direction the town __12__ to
develop. 
     What is the __13__ of studying towns in this way? For me, it is __14__ that one gets a greater depth
of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes. A personal visit to a town may help one
better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a __15__.
(     )1. A. write  
(     )2. A. swift  
(     )3. A. take  
(     )4. A. look after
(     )5. A. ideas  
(     )6. A. open  
(     )7. A. one  
(     )8. A. fails  
(     )9. A. old  
(     )10. A. capital  
(     )11. A. used to  
(     )12. A. stops    
(     )13. A. point  
(     )14. A. simply  
(     )15. A. magazine  
B. tell      
B. similar  
B. treasure  
B. look at  
B. opinions  
B. run      
B. more      
B. tricks    
B. normal    
B. meaning  
B. seemed to
B. appears  
B. view      
B. nearly    
B. guide-book
C. study  
C. separate  
C. put  
C. look for  
C. feelings
C. begin  
C. other  
C. helps  
C. first  
C. design  
C. had to
C. starts      
C. problem  
C. generally  
C. newspaper  
D.  remember    
D.  special    
D.  limit      
D.  look up    
D.  questions  
D.  move        
D.  such        
D.  satisfies  
D.  present    
D.  change      
D.  happened to
D.  continues  
D.  difficulty  
D.  hardly      
D.  fiction    

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