题目列表(包括答案和解析)
Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.
In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan,the “you to you” approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation(冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view. Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management(管理人员) and often does not consult middle management or the worker. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.
Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal fallsthrough, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressingfor a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonderat the slow pace in which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后)behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.
【小题1】 The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world .
A.face great difficulty in making decisions |
B.are different in decision-making styles |
C.have all members contribute to a decision |
D.have two approaches: “I to you” and “you to I” |
A.They carry out the decision once it is made. |
B.There are many meetings in their businesses. |
C.They work to achieve harmony in doing business. |
D.They are good at handling confrontation situation. |
A.positive | B.critical | C.negative | D.casual(无所谓的) |
What separates people who reach their goals from everyone else is their ability to stay on track, despite challenges. __36__ will come; you can bet there will be chances for you to __37__ track. If you’re an athlete, it may be an injury that causes you to have to __38__ practices. If you’re trying to get to a healthy weight, you may have to travel __39__ and stay with a friend who doesn’t like to __40__. The point is that some kind of challenge will __41__.
How we deal with these challenges __42__ the victims from the victors. You can use challenges as a stepping __43__ or as a block, and you can use them to __44__ your ambition or block your view; the __45__is yours.
Challenges should __46__ to make you stronger and more consistent as you attend to each difficulty. They should cause your __47__ to dig deeper, in search of a (an) __48__.
The problem arises when you don’t __49__ challenges. If you can predict potential problems and plan __50__, you will have confidence and your belief in yourself will __51__ up.
Your ability to stay __52__ and overcome difficulties is what will __53__ and allow you to achieve your goal.
Start working toward your dreams daily. Get started by setting __54__ what your next step is to accomplish your goal. Then get into __55__ as you move closer to your goal daily.
36. A. Abilities B. Goals C. Possibilities D. Challenges
37. A. get off B. stick to C. take off D. attend to
38. A. appreciate B. strengthen C. miss D. confuse
39. A. disappointedly B. unexpectedly C. deliberately D. daily
40. A. knock over B. get through C. put up D. work out
41. A. arise B. raise C. appoint D. turn
42. A. separates B. protects C. shelters D. deserts
43. A. appointment B. arrangement C. stone D. expectation
44. A. produce B. ignore C. reduce D. strengthen
45. A. choice B. comment C. preparation D. promise
46. A. provide B. serve C. offer D. expect
47. A. characteristics B. ability C. roots D. signs
48. A. solution B. comfort C. study D. adaptation
49. A. blame B. accept C. meet D. expect
50. A. actually B. otherwise C. beforehand D. after
51. A. put B. build C. get D. bring
52. A. solved B. focused C. deserted D. reduced
53. A. get you away B. find you out C. set you apart D. keep you off
54. A. down B. up C. about D. out
55. A. effort B. measure C. plan D. action
There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide-book __1__ hand. Of course, we may __2__ with our guide-books the history and__3__developments of a town and get to know them. __4__ then, if we take out time and__5__in a town for a while, we may get to know it better. When we __6__ it as a whole, we begin to have some__7__, which even the best guide-books do not answer. Why is the town just__8__this, this shape, this plan, this size? Why do its streets__9__ in this particular way, and not in any __10__ way?
Here even the best guide-book__11__us. One can’t find in it the information about how a town has developed to the__12__appearance. It may not describe the original __13__ of a town. However, one may get some idea of what it__14__look like by walking around the town. One can also imagine_15__the town was first planned and built. Then one can learn more about in what direction the town__16__to develop.
What is the__17__of studying towns in the way? For me, it is__18__that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one’s own eyes. A__19__visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive__20__ just reading about it in a guide-book.
1. A. to B. in C. by D. on
2. A. write B. tell C. study D. remember
3. A. separate B. strange C. similar D. special
4. A. Since B. Before C. Until D. But
5. A. stay B. march C. work D. sail
6. A. look after B. look at C. look for D. look up
7. A. feelings B. questions C. ideas D. opinions
8. A. of B. like C. as D. for
9. A. run B. open C. begin D. move
10. A. one B. such C. more D. other
11. A. fails B. tricks C. helps D. satisfies
12. A. old B. present C. first D. normal
13. A. design B. meaning C. capital D. change
14. A. had to B. seemed to C. used to D. happened to
15. A. what B. where C. when D. how
16. A. continues B. appears C. starts D. stops
17. A. problem B. view C. point D. difficulty
18. A. simply B. nearly C. generally D. badly
19. A. costly B. personal C. group D. formal
20. A. from B. with C. through D. than
完形填空 There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guidebook in hand. Of course, we may __1__ with our guidebooks the history and __2__developments of a town and get to know them. But then, if we __3__ our time and stay in a town for a while, we may get to know it better. When we __4__ it as a whole, we begin to have some __5__, which even the best guidebooks do not answer. Why is the town just like this, this shape, this plan, this size? Why do its streets __6__in this particular way, and not in any __7__ way? Here even the best guidebook __8__ us. One can't find in it the information about how a town has developed to the __9__ appearance. It may not describe the original __10__ of a town. However, one may get some ideas of what it __11__look like by walking around the town. One can also imagine how the town was first planned and built. Then one can learn more about in what direction the town __12__ to develop. What is the __13__ of studying towns in this way? For me, it is __14__ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes. A personal visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a __15__.
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