阅读下列短文, 从所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳答案。

    A long time ago, when ancient Rome was still an empire, people of that time used same weights and measures. The standards(标准)of those weights and measures were found by the Romans, who kept these standards in a temple in Rome. All standards for measuring weight or distance were the same, whether in Spain or in Syria. But then the　　 Rome Empire fell, and these standards disappeared. Today, standards are different from place to place throughout the world.

    Tourists who drive from the United States into Canada, for example, are surprised when they buy gas for their cars.

    A gallon (加仑) of gas cost more than they are used to paying.They complain (抱怨) that prices are much higher in Canada than in the United States. Then they discover that they can drive farther on a Canadian gallon than on a United States gallon.

    Is it a different kind of gas? No, it is a different kind of gallon. Canada used the British gallon that is about one-fifth larger than the United States gallon.　　 Four quarts (夸脱) equal a gallon and two pints (品脱) equal a　　 quart in both countries. But Canada's quarts and pints are larger than quarts and pints in the United States. The gallon equals 277.42 cubic (立方) inches while the gallon in the United States is equal to　　 231 cubic inches. Measured in ounces (盎司), Canada's larger gallon holds 160 fluid ounces, while the smaller United States gallon holds no more than 128 fluid ounces.From these figures, it is easy to see why Americans can drive　　 farther on the Canadian gallon than on the American gallon.

    Some day, countries may follow the example of the ancient Romans and make weights and measures the same for every nation.

   (1) The whole passage tells about __________.　　　　   ［　　］ 　　   A. the standards for weights and measures found by Romans 　　   B. the gallon in Canada and the United States 　　   C. surprised tourists in Canada 　　   D. the larger American gallon    (2) The British gallon is about __________ larger than the United 　　   States gallon.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  ［　　］ 　　   A. 277.42 cubic inches　　 B. 160 fluid ounces 　　   C. 128 fluid ounces　　　　D. 1/5    (3) Which statement does the passage lead you to believe? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   ［　　］ 　　   A. It would be good to use the same measure in the whole world. 　　   B. The Americans hate the Canada gas. 　　   C. The Canadian gas is better than the United States'. 　　   D. Buying gas in Canada is more expensive than in the United 　　　　  States. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  

   (4) Six United States' gallons of liquid is about _________

British  gallons of liquid.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   ［　　］

　　   A. seven　　B. four 　　   C. five　　 D. three 　　  

   (5)After reading this passage, you can have an impression that 　　   __________ .　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　［　　］ 　　   A. different measures can be a problem 　　   B. people like different measures 　　   C. there are all kinds of measures in the world 　　   D. Americans should not travel too much

阅读下列短文，并做每篇后面的题目，从四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions (感知，认知):

(1) Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.

(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准) to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus -He's basically a good boy so what I was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information  “All kids(孩子) get into mischief (顽皮). Taking a look from the bookstore isn't such a big deal. ” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information  “It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.” …

1．The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.

[　　]

A．the abilities of one's auditory (听) and visual (视) sensors

B．cultural background and personal experiences

C．experiences one learns from others

D．critical measures taken by other people

2．While observing a particular person ________.

[　　]

A．one is likely to take all aspects (方面) into consideration

B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages

C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D．one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for

3．Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ________.

[　　]

A．their measuring yardsticks are not the same

B．either of them may be slow to catch information

C．the time for observation is not long enough

D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

4．The word “stimulus” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.

[　　]

A．something attractive

B．selective perception

C．contradictory information

D．shoplifting

5．The worst thing in selective perception is that ________.

[　　]

A．pereived information runs against your desire

B．facts can be totally ignored or distorted (扭曲)

C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated(估计过高)

D．the same information may not be dealt with in the same way