Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a series of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not smoke. In fact, non-smokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students are trying to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. Believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theaters, cinemas and in other public places. Therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classroom. Although many people have passed away for having smoked a lot and we call on people to give up smoking, yet many more that are following will turn down what we say every day, above all, the young people smoke a lot more.

In the writer’s opinion, smoking does good to ________.

A. nobody B. some people C. smokers D. young people

The phrase “pass away” probably means ________.

A. leave one’s home B. lose one’s life C. pass by D. go away

According to the selection, which of the following is true?

A. Smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the non-smokers.

B. Non-smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the smokers.

  C. Non-smokers suffer as much from the polluted air as the smokers.

D. Non-smokers don’t suffer so much from the polluted air as the smokers.

Secondhand smoke isn’t just a health threat to people.It can also hurt dogs and cats，veterinarians say.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，more than 126 million Americans who don't smoke are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes，vehicles，workplaces，and public places.This exposure causes thousands of lung cancer and heart disease deaths among nonsmokers every year，according to the California Environmental Protection Agency.
“Making the leap from the effects of secondhand smoke on humans to their effects on pets isn't a big one,” says veterinarian （兽医专家） Carolynn MacAllister of Oklahoma State University.
“There have been a number of scientific papers recently that have reported the significant health threat secondhand smoke poses to pets,” MacAllister said.“Secondhand smoke has been associated with oral cancer and lymphoma in cats，lung and nasal cancer in dogs，as well as lung cancer in birds.”
Studies have also shown that dogs living in a smoking household are susceptible to cancers of the nose and sinus area，particularly if they are a long-nosed breed，because their noses have a greater surface area that is exposed to carcinogens and a greater area for them to accumulate.Dogs affected with nasal cancer normally don't survive for more than one year.
“Short and medium-nosed dogs are more susceptible to lung cancer，because their shorter nasal passage aren't as effective at accumulating the inhaled secondhand smoke carcinogens,” MacAllister said.“This results in more carcinogens （致癌物质） reaching the lungs.”
Birds are also at risk for lung cancer，as well as pneumonia，because their respiratory systems are hypersensitive to any type of air pollutant.
To help prevent animals from being adversely affected by smoking，pet owners who smoke should have a designated smoking area that is separated from the home or stop smoking altogether，MacAllister said.        

1. 1.

   From the passage，we can see secondhand smoke maybe not harmful to _______.

   1. A.
      smokers
   2. B.
      non-smokers
   3. C.
      pets
   4. D.
      trees
2. 2.

   What can be suggested according to the passage?

   1. A.
      Smokers can smoke anywhere.
   2. B.
      Smokers can smoke at any time.
   3. C.
      Smokers should smoke in the designated place.
   4. D.
      Smokers must give up smoking at once.
3. 3.

   What kind of dogs are likely to suffer from nasal cancer?

   1. A.
      Long-nosed dogs
   2. B.
      Short-nosed dogs
   3. C.
      Medium-nosed dogs
   4. D.
      Dogs without noses
4. 4.

   The best title of the passage is __________.

   1. A.
      Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in People
   2. B.
      Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Birds
   3. C.
      Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Pets
   4. D.
      Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Cats
5. 5.

   What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “are susceptible to”?

   1. A.
      are likely to be harmed by
   2. B.
      are hard to be influenced by
   3. C.
      are less to be effected by
   4. D.
      are lucky to be caught by

Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a series of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not smoke. In fact, non-smokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students are trying to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. Believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theaters, cinemas and in other public places. Therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classroom. Although many people have passed away for having smoked a lot and we call on people to give up smoking, yet many more that are following will turn down what we say every day, above all, the young people smoke a lot more.

1. In the writer’s opinion, smoking does good to ________.

A. nobody B. some people C. smokers D. young people

2. The phrase “pass away” probably means ________.

A. leave one’s home B. lose one’s life C. pass by D. go away

3.According to the selection, which of the following is true?

A. Smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the non-smokers.

B. Non-smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the smokers.

  C. Non-smokers suffer as much from the polluted air as the smokers.

D. Non-smokers don’t suffer so much from the polluted air as the smokers.

George Spilich at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and fix their attention on (集中精力于)their work”. Spilich put young non－smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived(被剥夺)of cigarettes through a series of tests.

In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a certain letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non－smokers performed equally well. The next test was more difficult, requiring all to scan(扫描) groups of 20 letters and find the one of the letters changed into a different one. Non－smokers were faster, but under the stimulation(刺激)of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short－term memory, non－smokers made the fewest mistakes, but deprived smokers made fewer mistakes than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non－smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers did better than those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers were likely not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from unimportant details.

“As our tests became more difficult，” says Spilich, “non－smokers performed better than smokers by far.” he says, “Smokers might perform adequately(准确)at many jobs until they got very difficult. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity(思维能力)．”

1. Smokers usually think that smoking ________.

A. helps them to be less nervous

B. helps them to do better work

C. helps them to think and act quickly

D. does some good to their health

2. George Spilich's experiment was organized in such a way as to ________.

A. force the subjects to separate major information from minor details

B. check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers

C. put the subjects through increasing difficult test

D. make a written and formal record of the answers of the subjects

3. Which fact does this passage lead us to believe?

A. Active smokers generally performed better than deprived smokers.

B. Active smokers answered more quickly than the other subjects.

C. Deprived smokers gave the slowest answers to the various tasks.

D. Non－smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.

4. We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A. smokers should not expect to become airline pilots

B. smokers may prove unequal to dealing with emergency (紧急) cases

C. no airline pilots smoke during flights

D. smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness

    阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

    People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory, researchers say.

    A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers.

    And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers.

    The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university’s campus. Those who took part were asked to recall small details, such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points－known as real world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks.

    Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University’s Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, “Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States, it's important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive（认知的）function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example. ”

    “This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an impact on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too. ’’

    The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan and Dr. Terence O’Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking－toxins left on curtains and furniture.

1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

    A. Smoking does harm to health.

    B. Smokers take a tour to the University’s campus.

    C. Smoking can affect one’s memory.

    D. Smokers are compared to non-smokers.

2. How did those who took part in the study perform when asked to recall small details?

    A. Smokers did the worst among the participants.

    B. Non-smokers could recall about half of them.

    C. Smokers could recall nothing at all.

    D. Those who gave up smoking did best.

3. According to Dr. Tom Heffernan, the findings_______.

    A. would be really a surprise to the public

    B. would contribute to fighting against smoking

    C. would be used in real world memory test

    D. would be nothing new to the researchers

4. What does the underlined word “impact’’ most probably mean?

    A. order    B. impression    C. expression    D. effect

5. What will Dr. Heffernan and Dr Terence O’Neil do?

    A. Investigate the effects of third-hand smoking.

    B. Do research on how smoking affects passive smokers.

    C. Find ways to persuade people to quit smoking.

    D. Study whether giving up smoking affects memory.