How to survive an earthquake

Indonesia is located on the edge of the volcanic ring that circles the Pacific. This means volcanoes and earthquakes, which can cause serious loss of life.

Many people there have heard suggestions of what to do in an earthquake. For instance, they are taught to stand in a doorway or, in a building, avoid the elevators and head for the stairs.

Mr. Doug Copp is an expert on earthquakes and is the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of the American Rescue Team International. He has worked at every major disaster in the world since 1985. What his years of involvement have taught Doug is that when roofs and ceilings collapse they fall on objects and furniture, crushing them. Anyone hiding under a desk or a bed is always killed. However, Doug says the falling roofs and ceilings always end up forming triangle of space between the crushed object and the floor, what he refers to as Triangles Of Life. Instead of hiding under a solid object, lie on the floor next to it and you will likely have a space to survive. Doug says paper does not crush and usually where there are boxes of paper in an office building there will be a triangle space next to it.

What about the old idea of standing in a doorway because the roof falls into the room? Dough says people who stand in doorways are usually killed, too. If the door falls forwards or backwards you will get crushed by the falling ceiling. If it falls sideways you will get cut in half by the doorway.

What about stairs? Stairs have a different “moment of frequency （震动频率）” to the rest of the building and will swing back and forth until they collapse. Getting caught on a destroyed set of stairs means you will probably be injured or even killed by the different parts.

67. By telling Mr. Doug Copp’s rescue experiences, the writer tried to        .

A. teach people how to avoid loss of life

B. support some traditional ideas

C. make people accept some advice

D. explain what is a triangle space

68. Where will most probably a triangle space be formed?

A. Under a desk.                    B. In a doorway.

C. Next to a desk.                  D. Next to collapsed roofs.

69. If you are in bed when an earthquake happens, you should        .

A. lie close to your bed            B. hide under your bed

C. head for the stairs              D. stay where you are

70. Who has the highest probability to survive an earthquake?

A. Betty, lying besides a pile of magazines.

B. John, standing in a doorway.

C. Sarah, hiding under a sofa.

D. David, standing next to a door.

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题l分，满分20分）

       阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36－55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

I know that it's hard to devote enough time to class and to social efforts. But, I wanted to succeed in both. I knew this would be a  36  but didn't realize how much until classes began.

I  37  on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm. Often,  38  finishing my homework before it was  39  to hand in, I went upstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. I  40  finished it the next day between classes. But I knew it wasn't very good and the  41 I received showed my lack of  42  .I realized that I needed to find some sort of  43  .So, the next day I created a  44 _ that would  45  my time up between going to class, doing homework, and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea,  46  I was only able to  47  it for a few days. A schedule like that had too much   48   .So I tried another plan. This one  49  lists and common sense. Each week I made a list of  50  I had to get done during that week and by which day I had to have it done. Then,  51  the list of things I had to get done, I made a list of things I could do if I had the time. This is the  52  I have used since then. Now, I have started my senior year and I feel time is  53 . Scheduling my time has become more challenging, but I continue to do it.

My cousins, who are now in college, tell me that there are a lot of books to read by yourself and many different things to do, with various people and organizations. So I'm  54  that I've learned to balance things and it has helped  55  me for what is to come after graduation.

36．A．disaster         B．challenge       C．trouble          D．competition

37．A．kept            B．caught         C．took            D．got

38．A．as well as       B．in order to      C．instead of      D．not only

39．A．point          B．late           C．ready         D．time

40．A．seldom        B．always        C ．hardly      D．never

41．A．degree         B．rank           C．grade         D．title

42．A．intelligence    B．confidence           C．exercise      D．effort

43．A．balance        B．skill          C．change        D．improvement

44．A．form           B．timetable      C．method             D．system

45．A．average        B．arrange      C．divide       D．organize

46．A．and            B．but                 C．so            D．then

47．A．accept          B．collect       C．follow       D．insist

48．A．pressure        B．influence      C．question             D．doubt

49．A．provided       B．included       C．formed        D．needed

50．A．anything        B．something    C．nothing        D．everything

51．A．under          B．among       C．from        D．with

52．A．skill           B．method              C．experience           D．way

53．A．important      B．valuable             C ．limited            D．up

54．A．glad           B．convinced       C．sure           D．ungrateful

55．A．enable         B．prepare              C．practise      D．equip

On Sept 24, an earthquake struck the southwest of Pakistan, taking more than 300 lives and leaving hundreds of thousands homeless. But after the horrible disaster, people living by the coast received another shock – they saw a new island, which seemed to have appeared out of nowhere, in the sea just over a kilometer from the shore, reported BBC News.

“I stepped out and was flabbergasted,” local journalist Bahram Baloch told the BBC. “I could see this gray, dome-shaped body in the distance, like a giant whale swimming near the surface. Hundreds of people gathered to watch it in disbelief.”

This island has become a global curiosity. How was it formed in just a few minutes?

As you might already know, many islands in the sea are formed by volcanoes. There are numerous volcanoes under the sea. As the hot lava (岩浆) erupts and cools down, it piles up and forms the shape of a mountain. When the mountain “grows” to higher than the sea level, the part that’s above the water is what we call an “island”.

This is how the island was formed after the Pakistan earthquake, except that instead of an ordinary volcano, it was a “mud volcano” that brought about this island.

Lava is not the only thing that’s locked under the Earth’s crust(地壳) – there is also gas. When an earthquake happens and breaks part of the crust, the gas is released at an extremely high speed, pushing mud up to the surface, according to National Geographic.

But only earthquakes that are extremely powerful can cause mud volcanoes to push up enough mud to produce islands – and this 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Pakistan was strong enough. The island is about 20 meters high, up to about 90 meters wide and 30 meters long, nearly the size of a soccer field.

In fact, mud volcano islands aren’t new. This is the fourth island of this kind in the region since 1945. But those islands usually didn’t last long.

“It will probably be gone within a couple of months,” said Bill Barnhart, a researcher with the US Geological Survey. After all, “it’s just a big pile of mud that was on the seafloor that got pushed up”.

67. What is the article mainly about?

A. the effects of the earthquake on Sept.24

B. the differences between mud volcanoes and ordinary volcanoes

C. the reasons for the formation of the new island

D. the suggestions about preventing an earthquake

68. The underlined word “flabbergasted” (in Para.2) is closest in meaning to “______”.

A. surprised         B. anxious         C. worried         D. delighted

69. We can infer from the article that ______.

A. the new island formed within a few months

B. scientists know little about volcanoes

C. another earthquake is likely to happen in Pakistan

D. not all earthquakes produce new islands

70. According to the passage, mud volcano islands         .

A. are quite difficult to locate

B. usually won’t exist a long time

C. are formed only by hot lava from volcanoes

D. used to be part of the Earth’s crust

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）

The mothers met while walking their beloved dogs in the local park, the Donald McDonald Reserve, several years ago and developed a friendship that began with small talk about their pets. This quickly turned to afternoon get – togethers where kids, dogs and grown – ups formed firm friendships.

Now the pair and their pets meet several times a week on the grass near Sandringham College, a place for a huge network of dog owners who have formed all kinds of friendships and a good old – fashioned sense of community. Dogs, as it seems, are good for your social life.

The combination of excited kids and dogs could be a recipe(处方) for disaster and the atmosphere on communal (群体的) walks is surprisingly harmonious. “There are some other people who don’t have kids who have started to meet us quite regularly,” Miller, a dog – owner, says. “The other day, there were seven dogs, five adults and six children all walking around the park together.”

Friendships formed through pets seem to cross cultural and age barriers and often involve helping when someone is sick or needs help caring for a pet. A woman says she’s answered several SOS calls from elderly people who have become ill suddenly and need a hand. “The friendships are such that you see these people every day and you get to know them… and they trust you with their pets and know they          at the last minute,” she says.

The dog – owner says that, even as a child, she noticed how dogs could act as conversational ice – breakers for adults. Like people, dogs are also born social creatures. “Dogs need to get into the game and be dogs – they are pack animals,” she says.

1．What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

2．Which sentence in the passage can replaced by the following one?

    Because dogs have the nature of living in groups, they need to be given the chances to get together and act like dogs.

3．Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)

4．Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese.

5．According to the passage, what functions do dogs have in people’s social life? (Please answer within 30 words.)