Have you ever been in a meeting while someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your 　36 was a million miles away? You probably felt 　37 and made up your mind to pay attention and never daydream again. Most of us, from earliest school 38 , have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.

“ On the contrary, ” says L. Giambra, an expert in psychology, “ daydreaming is quite 39. Without it, the mind couldn’t get done all the 40 it has to do during a normal day. You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. 　41 , your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one 42 in which the unconscious and conscious 43 of mind have silent dialogue.”

Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of 44 or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental 　45 . They did not have a better understanding of daydreams 46 the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, “ We 47 now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we 48 our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our future. ” Daydreams are really a reflection（反映）on the things we 49 or the things we long for in life.

Daydreams are usually very simple and 50 , quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be 51 to understand. It’s easier to gain a 52 understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help one 53 the difficult situations in life and find out a possible way for dealing with them.

Daydreams cannot be predicted（预知）. They move off in 　54 directions, which may be creative and full of useful ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were, and are a main source of creative energy.

So next time you catch 　55 daydreaming, don’t stop. Just pay attention to your dreams. They may be more important than you think.

36. A. business　　 B. feeling　　　　 　　 C. mind　　　　 D. family

37. A. hurried　　 　 B. worried　　　 　　 C. lonely　　　 D. sorry

38. A. days　　　 　 B. ages　　　　 　　　　　　 C. lessons　　　 D. times

39. A. normal　　 　 B. ordinary　　　 　　　　　　 C. necessary　　 D. possible

40. A. controlling　 B. imagining　　 　　　 C. thinking　　 　 D. working

41. A. Gradually　 　 B. However　　　 　　 C. Actually　　 D. Of course

42. A. place　　　 　 B. result　　　　 　　　 C. effect　　　 D. way

43. A. states　　　 B. example　　　 　　　 C. shape　　　 D. level

44. A. research　　 B. daydreams　　 　　 C. dialogue　　 D. minds

45. A. weakness　　 B. power　　　　 　　 C. illness　　　 　 D. fault

46. A. at　　　　　 　　　 B. until　　　 　　　　 C. after　　　 　 D. before

47. A. suppose　　 　　　 B. conclude　　　 　　 C. know　　　　 　　　 D. think

48. A. learn　　　 B. organize　　　 　　　 C. expect　　　 D. determine

49. A. think　　　 B. want　　　　 　　　 C. wish　　　 　 D. fear

50. A. direct　　　 B. sudden　　　 　　　　　　 C. long　　　　 D. clear

51. A .slow　　　 　 B. indirect　　　 　　　 C. familiar　　 　 D. hard

52. A. happy　　　 B. deep　　　　 　　　　 C. simple　　　 D. satisfying

53. A. experience　 B. defeat　　　　 　　　 C. recognize　　 D. take

54. A. usual　 　　　 B. strange　　　 　　　 C. scientific　　 D. unexpected

55. A. anybody　 　 B. yourself　　　 　　　　　　 C. one　　　　 D. somebody

Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to________a scientific theory.

A．confirm 　　　 B．claim　　　　　　　 C．conclude 　　　 D．calculate

 

Some of you must have complained why there are so many English words that you have to 　22 every day. However, do you know how many words the English language has exactly? Maybe ten thousand, one hundred thousand, or 　23 one million!

Every 98 minutes, there is a new English word being 　24 Last time when words were being 25　 to the language at this rate was during the 　26 of William Shakespeare. The 　27 popularity of English has 　28 the most fertile period of word creation. About 1.53 billion people speak English as a 　29 , a second or a business language. The Global Language Monitor, 　 30 in the state of Texas in the US, has been recording English word creation since 2003. Now, there are almost one million English words.

Words that are predicted to be the one millionth 　 31　 “defollow”, “defriend”, “noob”, and “greenwashing”. “Defollow” and “defriend” are Internet words, 　 32 what users do with a person they do not wish to 　 33 in touch with on the Internet. “Noob” is an offending name for someone new 　34 a particular task or community. The word “greenwashing” 　35 what companies do to appear 　36 friendly. And “chiconomics” means a difficult time in fashion. Of course, there is a 　37 that the one millionth word will be a sixth choice. The Global Language Monitor once 　38 that the millionth English word would be “imminent” in 2006, but the organization has 39 that expected date 　40 once. Other experts have 　41 doubts about its methods because they don’t think that there is an agreement about how to classify a word.

22.　　 A．write 　　 　　　B．read 　 　　　　 C．memorize 　　 　　　D．copy

23.　　 A．still 　　　　　B．hence 　　　　 C．nevertheless 　　　D．even

24.　　 A．inspired 　 　　　B．motivated 　 　　 C．commented 　　　D．created

25.　　 A．advocated 　　 　B．added 　　　　 　　 C．adopted　 　　　　 D．acquired

26.　　 A．years 　　 　　　B．days 　 　　　　 C．months　 　　　　 D．hours

27.　　 A．appropriate 　　 　B．fundamental 　　　 C．widespread　　 　　 D．elementary

28.　　 A．brought　 　　 B．led 　　　　　　 C．found　　 　　　　 D．taken

29.　　 A．primary 　 　　　B．social 　　　　 C．physical 　　　　 D．typical

30.　　 A．lay　 　　 　　B．located 　　　　 C．built 　　 　　　　　D．found

31.　　 A．conclude 　　　B．consist 　　　 　　　　 C．exclude 　　　　　D．include

32.　　 A．saying 　　 　　　B．writing 　　　 　　 C．describing 　 　　　D．accounting

33.　　 A．lose 　　　　　B．pay 　　 　　　　 C．have 　　 　　　　　D．stay

34.　　 A．on 　 　　　　　B．of 　　　　　　 C．to 　　　　　　　D．with

35.　　 A．refers to 　　　B．prefers to 　 　　 C．comes to 　　 　　　D．sticks to

36.　　 A．continually 　　 　B．eventually 　 　　 C．environmentally 　 　D．constantly

37.　　 A．possibility 　　　 　B．fact 　　 　　　　 C．result　　 　　　　 D．bond

38.　　 A．published 　　　 　B．declared 　　 　　 C．expected 　　 　　　D．claimed

39.　　 A．put up　　 　　 B．put off　　　　 C．put down　　　 　D．put out

40.　　 A．other than 　　 　B．more than　　 　 C．rather than　　 　　 D．less than

41.　　 A．consulted 　　 B．instructed 　 　　 C．associated 　 　　　D．expressed

The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom”. But this meaning does not tell us very much. Unlike the other disciplines, philosophy cannot be defined by what you study, because it is actually unlimited. Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: are, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy. For this reason you get a Doctorate（博士学位）of Philosophy (Ph. D. ) in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology

Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy. Logic is the science of argument and critical thinking. It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasoning. The history of philosophy involves the study of major philosophers and periods in the development of philosophy.

Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement. It is necessary for understanding other disciplines. Only philosophy questions the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and its relation to other disciplines. And through the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field.

There are a number of general uses of philosophy. It strengthens one’s ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important from a large quantity of data. These general uses are of great benefit in the career field, not necessarily for obtaining one’s first job after graduation, but for preparing for positions of responsibility, management and leadership later on. It is very short-sighted after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting one’s first job. The useful skills developed through the study of philosophy have significant long-term benefits in career advancement. No other discipline systematically follows the ideals of wisdom, leadership, and capacity to resolve human conflict

1. What’s the meaning of philosophy according to the passage？

A. social sciences　　　　　　 B. both social and natural sciences

C. natural sciences　　　 　 　　D. the subject matter of politics

2. What does “discipline” mean in the first paragraph?

A. literature B. science　　　 C. subject　 D. occupation

3. With the study of philosophy, you can 　　　 .

A. make progress in your career development

B. succeed in everything

C. find a good job soon after graduation

D. become a great leader

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Philosophy is an independent discipline.

B. The study of philosophy brings you immediate benefits.

C. Logic helps you to become a better thinker.

D. The meaning of philosophy is too limited to define.

5. From the passage, we can conclude 　　　 .

A. not all the subjects have to do with philosophy

B. philosophy can be helpful for the study of any other subjects

C. a person will get a Ph. D. if he/she studies philosophy

D. philosophy is the only solution to all the problems in the world