A cheap drug that can stop bleeding in people recently injured in an accident could potentially save the lives of tens of thousands worldwide, a new study says.

  Researchers studied the effects of tranexamic acid （凝血酸）, or TXA, in more than 10,000 injured people in 40 countries who received the drug within 8 hours of being injured. The study was published in the medical journal Lancet. Doctors found that patients who got TXA had a 15percent lower chance of dying from hemorrhage than those who didn’t get it . They also had a 10 percent lower chance of dying from any other cause, including organ failure and a head injury. The study was paid for by the British government.

  The drug is commonly used in wealthy countries during elective surgeries(外科手术) to stop bleeding , but isn’t used for accident victims. TXA is off-patent and made by many companies. It costs about $4.5 per gram, and a typical dose is two grams. It is usually given via an injection（注射） and would be relatively easy to introduce, even in poor countries, experts said.

  Previous tests of the drug regarded its use in elective surgeries, such as heart operations, but this was the first study to test the drug on accident victims. Doctors were worried it might increase side effects such as blood clots （凝块）in the heart and lungs, strokes, or heart attacks. There was no evidence of that in the Lancet study, though the authors said it was possible they might have missed some of these incidents.

  For people between 5 and 45, accidents are the second leading cause of death worldwide after AIDS, and about 600,000 injured patients bleed to death every year. Experts estimated that if TXA were readily available, between 70,000 and 100,000 lives a year could be saved. Though the drug wasn’t tested on children , experts said it would almost certainly work with them as well.

The underlined word” hemorrhage” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________

 A. serious illness    B. heart disease     C. heavy bleeding   D. lack of drug

What can we learn about TXA from the passage?

 A. It can only be made in England     B. It was only used in operations before

 C. It is a patented drug              D. It is mainly used in poor countries

Doctors were worried about using TXA because ________

 A. a lot of patients died unexpectedly after using it

 B. it has no treatment effect on patients

 C. it can cause blood clots or stroke

 D. they hadn’t used it on accident victims before

What do we know from the last paragraph?

 A. It is a pity that TXA wasn’t widely used on injured patients before

 B. Tests have proved that TXA can be used on children

 C. People between 5 and 45 should be injected with TXA every year

 D. Accidents are the first leading cause of death worldwide.

D
At the railway stations all across Britain next week, groups of students will gather with their backpacks to wait for the trains that will carry them home for Christmas. This is a large movement of human beings as before, but with more contradictory traffic flows, so that trains filled with the young pass each other travelling in every direction.
At first, I went home every weekend with my washing, but then those visits became less regular. How did I let my parents know I was coming? They had no phone. Perhaps I wrote to them (“Expect me with dirty shirts this Friday afternoon”), but more likely I didn’t let them know, and just turned up or didn’t turn up, not understanding that my parents’ hopes of seeing me were a greater disappointment of my carelessness than a spoiled tea.
And in all this I suspect I was typical (有代表性的), at least of young men. As for our fathers and mothers, none of them talked of “empty-nest syndrome (综合症)”, even though its possible effect that the main human duty is to protect and feed the young would have suited their generation better than ours. Then, the feeling of loss went without a name. Today, it’s a condition with remedies, which will make parents feel more enjoyable in their life, The Mayo Clinic, for example, suggests you try to maintain regular contact with your children through “visits, phone calls, emails, texts or video chats”. If you feel unhappy, lean on (depend on … for support) loved ones or your mental health providers. Above all, stay positive: “Thinking about the extra time and energy that you might have to devote to your marriage or personal interests after your last child leaves home, it might help you adapt to this major life change.”
What can’t be denied, however, is that children often leave home. In modern societies, this is what they do. Christmas is the very time they can be depended on to return. For the non-religious, that may be this season’s true comfort and significance.
【小题1】The main reason for the busy traffic across Britain next week is that _______.

A．young students will travel home for Christmas.

B．young people will travel in every direction.

C．it is a large movement of human beings

D．the traffic flows will be more contradictory

【小题2】From the second paragraph we can learn that the writer _______.

A．went home every week to wash dirty clothes

B．understood his parents’ desire of seeing him

C．didn’t understand his parents’ feelings

D．went home to see his parents regularly

【小题3】The underlined word “remedies” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.

A．reasons

B．excuses

C．habits

D．solutions

【小题4】From the last paragraph we know that _______.

A．in modern society, children should leave home

B．Christmas is likely a time for family reunion

C．the significance of Christmas is celebration

D．Christmas is not a comfort for the non-religious

【小题5】From the passage we can infer that by writing the article the writer is to _______.

A．persuade the young to show concern for their parents

B．ask the young to go home regularly

C．make the young understand their parents’ interest

D．enable the young to be more independent

Had we assisted him , he ________ us a hand ________ today .

A．would have given ; in exchange	B．should give ; to exchange
C．could give ; in exchange	D．might have given ; to exchange for

 

A cheap drug that can stop bleeding in people recently injured in an accident could potentially save the lives of tens of thousands worldwide, a new study says.

Researchers studied the effects of tranexamic acid （凝血酸）, or TXA, in more than 10,000 injured people in 40 countries who received the drug within 8 hours of being injured. The study was published in the medical journal Lancet. Doctors found that patients who got TXA had a 15percent lower chance of dying from hemorrhage than those who didn’t get it . They also had a 10 percent lower chance of dying from any other cause, including organ failure and a head injury. The study was paid for by the British government.

The drug is commonly used in wealthy countries during elective surgeries(外科手术) to stop bleeding , but isn’t used for accident victims. TXA is off-patent and made by many companies. It costs about $4.5 per gram, and a typical dose is two grams. It is usually given via an injection（注射） and would be relatively easy to introduce, even in poor countries, experts said.

Previous tests of the drug regarded its use in elective surgeries, such as heart operations, but this was the first study to test the drug on accident victims. Doctors were worried it might increase side effects such as blood clots （凝块）in the heart and lungs, strokes, or heart attacks. There was no evidence of that in the Lancet study, though the authors said it was possible they might have missed some of these incidents.

For people between 5 and 45, accidents are the second leading cause of death worldwide after AIDS, and about 600,000 injured patients bleed to death every year. Experts estimated that if TXA were readily available, between 70,000 and 100,000 lives a year could be saved. Though the drug wasn’t tested on children , experts said it would almost certainly work with them as well.

1.The underlined word” hemorrhage” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________

A．serious illness

B．heart disease

C．heavy bleeding

D．lack of drug

2.What can we learn about TXA from the passage?

A．It can only be made in England	B．It was only used in operations before
C．It is a patented drug	D．It is mainly used in poor countries

3.Doctors were worried about using TXA because ________

A．a lot of patients died unexpectedly after using it

B．it has no treatment effect on patients

C．it can cause blood clots or stroke

D．they hadn’t used it on accident victims before

4. What do we know from the last paragraph?

A．It is a pity that TXA wasn’t widely used on injured patients before

B．Tests have proved that TXA can be used on children

C．People between 5 and 45 should be injected with TXA every year

D．Accidents are the first leading cause of death worldwide.

 

A farmer once owned an old mule（骡子）. One day, the mule fell into a nearby well, and he began to 　36 and made a lot of loud noise. After carefully assessing the 　37 , the farmer felt sympathy for the mule, but 　38 that neither the mule nor the well was worth the trouble of saving, then he called his 　39 together and told them what had happened and 　40 them to help shovel（铲）some dirt to bury the old mule in the 　41 and put him out of his suffering.

Hearing many people coming to help, the old mule initially was 　42 …But as the farmer and his neighbors continued shoveling and the dirt hit his back, a thought suddenly 　43 him. He was 　44 that every time a shovel load of dirt landed on his 　45 , he should shake it off and step up! So he did, blow after blow.

He repeated “Shake it off and step up！” to__46__himself.No matter how painful the blows were，or how disappointing the situation seemed，the old mule just__47__on shaking it off and stepping up!

As you might have guessed, it was not long 48 the old mule finally, stepped over the wall of the well, painful and tired. What would otherwise 49 him, actually blessed him because of the manner in which he 　50 his adversity（逆境）.

51 is life! As long as we face our problems and respond to them 52 , and refuse to give in to panic, bitterness, or self-pity, the adversities that come along to bury us 53 have the potential to 　54 and bless us! Forgiveness, tolerance, hope and perseverance are 　55 in shaking it off and stepping up out of the wells in which we find ourselves.

36．A．sink　　　　　　　　 B．struggle　　　　　　 C．leave　　　　　　　　 D．sigh

37．A．location　　　　　　 B．ground　　　　　　　 C．position　　　　　　 D．situation

38．A．decided　　　　　　 B．doubted　　　　　　 C．complained　　　 D．responded

39．A．brothers　　　　　 B．relatives　　　　　 C．neighbors　　　　 D．children

40．A．required　　　　　 B．requested　　　　　 C．demanded　　　　 D．recommended

41．A．house　　　　　　　 B．water　　　　　　　　 C．hole　　　　　　　　　 D．well

42．A．excited　　　　　　 B．amused　　　　　　 C．disappointed　　 D．surprised

43．A．came　　　　　　　　 B．happened　　　　　 C．struck　　　　　　　 D．occurred

44．A．awake　　　　　　　 B．aware　　　　　　　　 C．afraid　　　　　　　 D．ashamed

45．A．chest　　　　　　　　 B．stomach　　　　　　 C．tail　　　　　　　　　 D．back

46．A．enjoy　　　　　　　　 B．express　　　　　　 C．encourage　　　　 D．praise

47．A．kept　　　　　　　　 B．held　　　　　　　　　 C．moved　　　　　　　 D．relied

48．A．when　　　　　　　　 B．before　　　　　　　 C．until　　　　　　　　 D．since

49．A．save　　　　　　　　 B．protect　　　　　　　 C．desert　　　　　　　 D．bury

50．A．solved　　　　　　　 B．handled　　　　　　 C．refused　　　　　　 D．experienced

51．A．That　　　　　　　　 B．How　　　　　　　　　 C．As　　　　　　　　　　 D．What

52．A．readily　　　　　　　 B．passively　　　　　 C．positively　　　　　 D．willingly

53．A．frequently　　　　 B．seldom　　　　　　　 C．never　　　　　　　　 D．usually

54．A．affect　　　　　　　 B．benefit　　　　　　　 C．direct　　　　　　　　 D．conduct

55．A．cheerful　　　　　 B．hopeful　　　　　　 C．helpful　　　　　　　 D．meaningful