Since ancient times, people have known about its ability to reduce pain and high body temperature. More than 2000 years ago, the Greek doctor Hippocrates advised his patients to chew on the bark and leaves of the willow.
The tree contains a chemical called salicin（柳醇）. From salicin, researchers in the 1800s discovered how to make salicylic acid（酸）. And in 1897, a chemist named Felix Hoffmann at Friedrich Bayer and Company in Germany created acetyl salicylic acid. Later it became the active substance in a new medicine that Bayer called aspirin. The "a" came from acetyl. The "spir" came from the spirea plant, which also produces salicin. And the "in" Well, that is a common way to end medicine names.
In 1982, a British scientist shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for discovering how aspirin works. Sir John Vane found that aspirin blocks the body from making natural substances called prostaglandins（前列腺素）.Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and the expansion, or swelling（ 肿瘤; 膨胀）, of damaged tissue. Others protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels （血管）work well. But there is a problem. Aspirin works against all prostaglandins, good and bad. Scientists learned how aspirin interferes with an enzyme（酶）. One form of this enzyme makes the prostaglandin that causes pain and swelling. Another form of the enzyme creates a protective effect. So aspirin can reduce pain and swelling in damaged tissues. But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine（肠）.
【小题1】What sickness can the medicine from the willow deal with according to the passage?

A．Cold

B．Toothache

C．Cancer

D．Skin disease

【小题2】What can we know about Prostaglandin according to the passage?

A．It results from pain.

B．It prevents the lining of the stomach and small intestine.

C．It causes blood vessels to work wrongly.

D．It is sometimes good but sometimes bad.

【小题3】What can we know about aspirin according to the passage?

A．Aspirin can treat almost diseases.

B．Aspirin can create the protective enzyme.

C．Aspirin can harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine.

D．Aspirin can protect the inside of the stomach and small intestine.

Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.
Born in September, 1987, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies’ two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.
Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgrum. Her services were recognized in the form of a Military’s Medal by the French government.

Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia  because of her work with radioactivity, Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.
【小题1】Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?

A．Because she received a degree in mathematics.

B．Because she contributed to saving the wounded.

C．Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.

D．Because she worked as a helper to her mother.

【小题2】Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederio Joliot?

A．At the Curie Institute.	B．At the University of Paris.
C．At a military hospital.	D．At the College of Sevigne.

【小题3】In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire different from her mother?

A．Irene worked with radioactivity.

B．Irene combined family and career.

C．Irene won the Nobel Prize once

D．Irene died from leukemia.

______ that the South African writer John Coetzee won the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2003.

  A. They’er reported             B. He’s reported

  C. We’er reported               D. It’s reported

Obama gets Nobel for contributions to peace

US President Barack Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize 1.October 9 for his calls to reduce the world's nuclear weapons and work for world peace.

Since taking office in January as the   2. African American president, Obama has called for the cutting of nuclear weapons and worked to restart the Middle East peace process.

The prize,  worth $1.4 million, will 3.handed over to Obama in Norway on December 10. Obama will also get a gold medal and a diploma.

The Nobel Committee said it attached special importance to Obama's work for a world4.nuclear weapons.

" Only every rarely has a person to the same extent(程度)   5.Obama captured(引起) the world's attention and given its people hope for  6. better future," the Nobel Committee said.

People had guessed Obama might be the winner before the award,  7.many Nobel watchers believed it was   8.early to award the president.

 

  What will you be doing when you are 26 years old? Studying at university or working for a living? Take a look at what Albert Einstein was doing at the age of 26.
100 years ago, Einstein was working in Switzerland. His hobby was physics. Without much money or help, he wrote five papers(论文) for a physics magazine. Three of these greatly changed the study of physics and our understanding of space, time, light and matter(物质). His most famous work is on the Theory of Relativity(相对论). Einstein was given the Nobel Prize for his discoveries. Although he also did many other things later, the years 1905 has been called Einstein’s “Year of Wonders”. It has been 100 years since then. Because of this, the UN has named 05 the World Year of Physics.
Today, over fifty years after Einstein’s death, a question is asked,  “ Will there ever be another Einstein?” It may take a long time. After all, Einstein was born more than 200 years after Sir Isaac Newton, another great scientist. Besides, physics is a different field now, and education is different, too. Even if you can’t be the next great scientist, it is still helpful to remember some of the things that made Einstein great. He thought independently(独立地) and read widely. He left with us a formula(公式) for life: If A is a success in life, then A="X+Y+Z." X is work, Y is play, and Z is keeping your mouth shut.
【小题1】The year 1905 is known as Einstein’s “Year of Wonders” because           .

A．Einstein was working in Switzerland in 1905	B．Einstein was 26 years old in 1905
C．Einstein made some very important discoveries in 1905	D．Einstein studied physics in 1905

【小题2】Why hasn’t there been another scientist as great as Einstein?

A．Because the study of physics is not enough.

B．Because it is hard to make important discoveries as Einstein did.

C．Because people don’t work hard any more.

D．Because physics is getting more and more difficult.

【小题3】The UN has named 05 the World Year of Physics because           .

A．Einstein is 100 years old this year

B．Einstein has been dead for more than 50 years

C．there have been other great discoveries after Einstein’s death

D．it is the 100th year since Einstein’s “Year of Wonders”

【小题4】 What does Einstein’s formula for life mean?

A．Success means years of hard work.

B．Success means all study and no play.

C．Success means working hard, relaxing and not talking too much.

D．Success is a secret that nobody knows.