Goats are amazing animals. They can survive just about anywhere. Altogether there are nine species of goats in the world.

Goats have more uses than you could ever imagine. Goat’s meat can be eaten and goat’s milk is becoming popular as a healthy choice to drink milk. Goat’s milk is easier to take in than cow’s milk and it is called universal milk as it can be used to bottle-feed most animals. In nutrition, it is also good. Goat’s skins are still used today to make gloves and other items of clothing. The initial reasons for domesticating (驯化) goats were to get goat’s hair, meat and milk. Goat’s skins were used up until the Middle Ages for making bottles to hold water and wine for people who were traveling or camping.

Just like sheep, goats are considered to be the first domesticated animal. The domestication process began over 10,000 years ago in a North Iranian town. A lot of people keep goats as pets nowadays.

Goats are easily trained and you can teach them to pull carts and walk on ropes. Goats are also known for escaping their pens (圈). If you have unsecured fencing, your goats will be interested in it and test it out and soon you will know where the openings are. Goats are also widely known for their ability to climb trees, although the tree generally has to be at a slight angle (角度).

If goats are raised correctly and trained from an early age, they never develop any bad habits. Goats will attack each other. However, if they’re corrected from an early age they never attack humans or other animals.

1.The passage is written mainly 　    　.

A. to tell people how to raise goats        B. to let people know more about goats

C. to explain how goats are domesticated    D. to describe goats of different uses

2.Why is goat’s milk called universal milk?

A. It is rich in nutrition and easy to take in.   B. It is good for our health.

C. It is suitable to feed most animals.   D. It is easy to get.

3.If you want to keep a goat as a pet, it is important 　    　.

A. to get along well with it        B. to find a professional trainer

C. to develop its ability           D. to train it when young

4.Which of the following words can best describe goats?

A. Curious and clever.           B. Unfriendly and naughty.

C. Careful and lazy.                 D. Stubborn and quiet.

 

Eight – year – old Jesse Abrogate was playing in the sea late one evening in July 2001 when a 7-foot bull shark attacked him and tore off his arm. Jesse’s uncle jumped into the sea and dragged the boy to shore. The boy was not breathing. His aunt gave him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) while his uncle rang the emergency services. Pretty soon, a helicopter arrived and flew the boy to hospital. It was a much quicker journey than the journey by road.

    Jesse’s uncle, Vance Folsenzier, ran back into to the sea and found the shark that had attacked his nephew. He picked the shark up and threw it onto the beach. A coastguard shot the fish four times and although this did not kill it, the shark’s jaws relaxed so that they could open them, and reach down into its stomach, and pull out the boy’s arm.

    At the Baptist Hospital in Pensacola, Dr. Ian Rogers spent eleven hours reattaching Jesse’s arm. “It was a complicated operation,” he said, “but we were lucky. If the arm hadn’t been recovered in time, we wouldn’t have been able to do the operation at all. What I mean is that if they hadn’t found the shark, well then we wouldn’t have had a chance.’

    According to local park ranger Jack Tomosvic, shark attacks are not that common. “Jesse was just unlucky,” he says, “evening is the shark’s feeding time. And Jesse was in area without lifeguards. This would never have happened if he had been in area where swimming is allowed.’

When reporters asked Jesse’s uncle how he had had the courage to fight a shark, he replied, “I was mad and you do some strange things when you’re mad.”

1.What was the boy doing when the accident happened?

    A．Feeding a hungry shark.      B．Jumping into the rough sea.

    C．Dragging a boy to the shore. D．Swimming in a dangerous area.

2.In which way did the boy’s uncle help with the operation?

    A．By finding his lost arm.     B．By shooting the fish.

    C．By flying him to hospital.       D．By blowing into his mouth.

3.How was his uncle in time of danger?

    A．Careful. B．Brave.   C．Optimistic.  D．Patient.

4.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Jesse’s uncle was mad.

B.  Jesse was playing in area where swimming is allowed.

C.  It was very difficult for the doctor to reattach Jesse’s arm.

D.  Evening is the shark’s feeding time.

 

 

 

PART THREE  READING COMPREHENSION

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.

A previously unknown kind of human group disappeared from the world so completely that it has left behind the merest piece of evidence that it ever existed — a single bone from the little finger of a child, buried in a cave in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia.

Researchers removed DNA from the bone and reported that it differed obviously from that of both modern humans and of Neanderthals（尼安德特人）, living in Europe until the arrival of modern humans on the continent some 44,000 years ago.

The child carrying the DNA line was probably 5 to 7 years old, but it is not yet known if it was a boy or a girl. The finger bone was unearthed in 2008 from a place known as the Denisova cave.

Researchers are careful not to call the Denisova child a new human species, though it may prove to be so, because the evidence is initial.

But the genetic material removed from the bone, found in a layer laid down on the cave floor between 48,000 and 30,000 years ago, belonged to a distinct human line that traveled out of Africa at a different time from the two known ancient human species. Homo erectus（直立人）, found in East Asia, left Africa two million years ago, and the ancestor of Neanderthals moved away some 500,000 years ago. The numbers of differences found in the child’s DNA indicate that its ancestors left Africa about one million years ago.

The region was inhabited by both Neanderthals and modern humans at that time. Counting the new human line, three human species may have lived together.

The standard view has long been that there were three human resettlements out of Africa — those of Homo erectus; of the ancestor of Neanderthals; and finally, some 50,000 years ago, of modern humans. But in 2004, archaeologists reported that they had found the bones of small humans who lived on the Indonesian island of Flores until 13,000 years ago, causing a serious problem to this view. The new line is the second such challenge.

If the nuclear DNA of the Denisova child should differ as much as its mitochondrial（线粒体） DNA does from that of Neanderthals and modern humans, the case for declaring it a new species would be strengthened. But it would be unusual for a new species to be recognized on the basis of DNA alone.

In new diggings starting this summer, archaeologists will look for remains more analytical than the finger bone. Researchers will also begin re-examining the fossil collections in museums to see if any wrongly assigned bones might belong instead to the new line. 

56. According to the passage, ________. 

A. modern humans arrived in Europe before Neanderthals

B. modern humans arrived in Europe about 44,000 years ago

C. Neanderthals arrived in Europe about 44, 000 years ago

D. Neanderthals arrived in Europe soon after modern humans did

57. Evidence from the bone of the child shows that _________.

A. the Denisova child belonged to Neanderthals

B. the Denisova child is a new human species

C. its ancestor moved to Europe 1,000,000 years ago

D. the habitat of its ancestor was in Africa

58. Which human line is the first challenge to the standard view of human resettlement?

A. Neanderthals.

B. Modern humans.

C. Small humans in Indonesia

D. Homo erectus.

59. The underlined part in last paragraph implies ________.

A. some other bones of the new line must have been wrongly identified

B. some other bones might give some evidence to support the new line

C. some other bones could help find the belongings of the new line

D. some other bones belonging to the new line might not have been found yet

60 The best title of the passage could be ________.

A. Bone May Reveal a New Human Group

B. Bone of a New Human Group Is Found

C. Human Group Once Existed in Southern Siberia

D. Bone Gives Evidence to a New Human Group

 

完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分， 满分30分）

  I just came home from visiting my 90-year-old grandpa after his heart surgery. We talked and laughed and before I left he __36__me, told me that he loved me and told me not to be_37_ if he died because he had loved his life.

  When my mom was in hospital due to breast cancer, I went to _38_ her. She wasn’t in her _39_. When I headed for the Nurses Station to _40_ her, I saw her coming down the hall. “ Mom, why are you out of bed? Where have you been?” She _41_ and said she’d been to the nursery floor to visit the babies.

  My lifelong friend almost lost her 50-year-old husband to cancer._42_, she did her full-time job at the hospital and two other jobs to _43_ losing their house. She continued to laugh, love and find_44_ every single day in life.

  And on and on---------

  Maybe that’s part of why I have a positive _45_. I’m really lucky to know so many _46_ people. I’ve known so many people in my life who have _47_ the difficulties and the horrors of life with grace, humor and _48_.

  When you say life isn’t worth _49_, when you say you want to die, when _50_ you know has used you, abused you, _51_ you, hated you, it’s you, your _52_ that have created a life for yourself that you don’t feel is worth living and a life no one else wants to live with you. I don’t feel_53_ for you. I don’t care about you. You’re a coward(懦夫). _54_, you should try to change things, move _55_ and learn something from the things you have experienced. Then maybe someone will really care about you.

  1.A. drew             B. pulled              C. hugged                     D. showed

  2.A. frightened        B. sad                C. nervous                    D. astonished

  3.A. support           B. visit              C. encourage                  D. invite

4.A. bed              B. office             C. house                     D. chair

  5.A. hold             B. remind              C. scold                       D. find

6.A. sighed            B. smiled            C. nodded                     D. cried

  7.A. Fortunately        B.Gradually             C. Unbelievably                D. Actually

  8.A. avoid             B. stop              C. risk                        D. forget

9.A. work             B. advice              C. surprise                    D. joy

 10.A. attitude           B. reply               C. demand                  D. belief

 11.A. romantic          B. humorous           C. optimistic                  D. careful

 12.A. lived for             B. shown off           C. looked for             D. gone through

13.A. strength         B. courage             C. feelings                   D. spirits

14.A. living             B. fighting              C. losing                     D. noticing

15.A. someone         B. nobody             C. everyone                  D. everything

16.A. left              B. envied               C. educated                 D. appreciated

 17.A. selfishness       B. bravery              C. behavior                   D. honesty

 18.A. proud            B. sorry                C. excited                    D. happy

 19.A. Otherwise     B. Besides                 C. However                  D. Instead

 20.A. downward       B. backward               C. leftward                   D. forward 

 

Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.

She trained as a nurse, but had to give it up when her elder child became seriously ill. “I would have liked to go back to it, but the shifts（工作班次）are all wrong for me, as I have to be home to get the children up and off to school.”

So she works as a cleaner instead, from 9 p.m. till 6 a.m. five nights a week for just ￡90, before tax and insurance. “It’s better than it was last year, but I still think that people who work ‘unsocial hours’ should get a bit extra.”

The hours she’s chosen to work mean that she sees plenty of the children, but very little of her husband. However, she doesn’t think that puts any pressure on their relationship.

Her work isn’t physically very hard, but it’s not exactly pleasant, either. “I do get angry with people who leave their offices like a place for raising pigs. If they realized people like me have to do it, perhaps they’d be a bit more careful.”

The fact that she’s working all night doesn’t worry Margaret at all. Unlike some dark buildings at night, the building where she works is fully lit, and the women work in groups of three. “Since I’ve got to be here, I try to enjoy myself—and I usually do, because of the other girls. We all have a good laugh, so the time never drags.”

Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living. “They think you’re a cleaner because you don’t know how to read and write,” said Margaret. “I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I’d been doing, but I don’t think that way any more. I don’t dislike the work though I can’t say I’m mad about it.”

1.Margaret quit her job as a nurse because _______.

A. she wanted to earn more money to support her family

B. she had suffered a lot of mental pressure

C. she felt tired of taking care of patients

D. she needed the right time to look after her children

2.Margaret gets angry with people who work in the office because _______.

A. they never clean their offices                        B. they look down upon cleaners

C. they always make a mess in their offices       D. they never do their work carefully                 

3.When at work, Margaret feels _______.

A. light-hearted because of her fellow workers    B. happy because the building is fully lit

C. tired because of the heavy workload          D. bored because time passes slowly

4.The underlined part in the last paragraph implies that Margaret’s parents would _______.

A. help care for her children                           B. regret what they had said

C. show sympathy for her                                  D. feel disappointed in her