Charles R. Drew was a medical student at Columbia University in New York. Before he graduated, he wrote an article __41___ blood bank, that is, the storing of blood. Up till then, a lot of people had died from loss of blood __42___ there was no blood bank.
When the United States entered the Second World War, it became __43___ to set up blood banks. Dr Drew became __44___ of the Red Cross’s first blood bank. When the Red Cross __45___ blood banks to collect and store blood for men __46__ in battle, black American gave blood along with the whites. At ___47__ their blood was not accepted. Later blood from the blacks was ___48___ but was stored in a __49___ place from “white” blood. Although the best doctors __50___ that there was __51___ difference at all between the blood of blacks and whites, the Red Cross, with the support of the government, __52___ to separate black blood from white blood.
After the war, Dr Drew was ___53__ from Washington with three other doctors to attend a medical meeting in a southern state. In northern Carolina their car went __54___ a ditch（深沟）and Dr Drew was __55___ hurt. He had lost __56__ blood by the time a passing car took him to the __57___ hospital. But they were stopped at the gate of the hospital. “__58__him to the hospital for blacks.” No matter __59___ they said, they could not get into the hospital. They had to take him to the __60___ hospital, but on the way Dr Drew died because he had lost too much blood.

　　When did you last see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃, and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group, this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
　　Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.
　　The main benefits(or advantages) of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim year-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says. "When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."
51. The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that_____ .
　A. they should be easy to make friends with
　B. they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months
　C. they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February
　D. they must reach the age of 60
52. Doctors _____ .
　A. encourage people to take part in cold-water swimming actively
　B. point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming
　C. believe swimming is helpful both in winter and in summer
　D. have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming
53. According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _____ .
　A. you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
　B. cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter
　C. cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
　D. Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water
54. The Polar Bears like to swim all the year round, for _____ .
　A. they can remain young   B. it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
　C. they find it enjoyable and interesting D. they might meet fewer troubles in life
55. The passage is mainly about _____ .
a group of cold-water swimming lovers                  B. the polar bears' life  
　C. doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming            D. the requirements of the Polar Bear Club

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was in seventh grade, I was a candy striper(志愿做护士助手的小姑娘) at a local hospital in my town. Most of the   41  I spent there was with Mr Gillespie. He never had any  42  , and nobody seemed to care about his   43 .
I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him,__44__anything that needed to be done. He became a close friend of mine,  45 he responded with only an occasional squeeze(捏) of my hand. Mr Gillespie was in a coma(昏迷).
I left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when I came back, Mr Gillespie was  46  . I didn’t have the   47 to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear they might  48 me he had died.
Several   49 later, when I was a junior in high school, I was at the gas station when I noticed a familiar face. When I   50  who it was, my eyes filled with tears. He was  51 ! I built up the courage to ask him if his name was Mr Gillespie. With a(n)   52 look on his face, he replied yes. I   53 how I knew him, and that I had spent many hours talking with him in the hospital. His eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever   54 .
He began to tell me how,  55 he lay there comatose, he could hear me talking to him and could  56 me holding his hand the whole time. Mr Gillespie  57 believed that it was my voice and  58 that had kept him alive.
Although I haven’t  59 him since, he fills my heart with  60 every day. I know that I made a difference between his life and his death.

One morning all the employees reached the office as usual. And on the wall they saw a big 36  on which it was written：Yesterday, the person who has been  37  your growth in this company passed  38 . We invite you to join the funeral (葬礼) prepared in the  39 .
In the beginning，they all got  40  for the death of one of their colleagues.  41  after a while they started getting  42  to know who was the man that limited the growth of his colleagues and the company itself.
The  43  in the gym was such that security agents(保安)were  44  to control the crowd within the room. The more people reached the coffin(棺材), the more the excitement  45  up. Everyone whispered to each other:“  46  on earth is this guy?”
One by one the excited employees got closer to the coffin, and when they  47  inside it, they 48  became speechless. They stood nearby the coffin, shocked and in  49 , as if someone had 50  the deepest part of their soul.
There was a  51  inside the coffin；everyone who looked inside it could see himself, There was also a sign next to the mirror that  52 : there is only one person who is  53  to set limits to your growth：IT IS  54  !!!!!! Your life doesn’t change when everyone around you changes. Your life changes when YOU change，when you go beyond your limiting beliefs inside. Don’t be afraid of  55  ；build yourself and your reality. It’s the way you face life itself that makes the difference!

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars,  a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.
Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby.”
【小题1】Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because         .