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    70．What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment? A．Destination memory is weaker than source memory. B．Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance. C．Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better. D．Self-focus is responsible for giving information twice or more to the same person. PART FOUR WRITING SECTION A Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram/Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NOT MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer. Lead poisoning occurs when lead is present in high levels in the blood of a person. It is one of the most common medical problems found in children. And it’s important to recognize the presence of lead in children’s bodies because lead is very harmful. Children have the tendency to go around and put things in their mouths like paint peelings. This is one of the main causes of lead poisoning. It has also been found that children born in poor families have higher chances of getting exposed to lead. Some of the common symptoms of lead poisoning in children are headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc. Lead poisoning can have severe effects and can lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurologicalproblems. It can also result in mental dullness and a low I . Q. level. There have been cases where lead poisoning proved to be terminal for children. It’s difficult to easily recognize whether a child is affected by lead poisoning, as the symptoms of this disease can occur due to some other medical problems. Therefore, children under the age of 6 should regularly be checked to know the level of lead in their blood through blood tests. It’s possible to completely cure a child with lead poisoning through treatment. Usually the oral medicine chelatoris given to the children. Sometimes, children are given an injectionfor reducing the lead level. Children who have very high level of lead in their blood would need treatment for a long period of time and would also be put on a special diet. Parents have to take certain precautions to lower the chance of lead poisoning in children. Cleaning the house regularly and removing shoes at the door after coming in form outside will prevent the lead particles from entering the house. Children should be put on a healthy diet, containing high proportionsof calcium and iron, such as eggs, milk, fruits, potatoes, etc. Which helps to keep the lead levels in control, in the children’s bodies. In short, it’s a must to be cautious and careful, and protect your children from the horrible consequences of lead poisoning. Lead Poisoning in Children (71) . ·Children’s going around and putting things in their mouths. ·High chances of(72) lead. (73) ·Headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc. Effects ·Lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological problems. ·(74) mental dullness and a low I. Q. level. Treatment ·Make children take the chelator or(75) an injection to reduce the lead level. ·Put children with a very high lead level on (76) (77) ·(78) regularly and remove shoes at the door after coming in from the outside. ·Let children eat healthy food which contain(79) of calcium and iron. (80) ·You must be cautious and careful to protect your children from lead poisoning. SECTION B Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Many college-bound freshmen are worrying about more that just who their roommates will be this fall. They may also be nervous about the well-known fact that they are likely to gain weight this school year. While many of us remember the extra weight that showed up right around the start of our college careers, we are not always clear on how much weight we realize gained or why. Many nutrition experts and psychologists think that it is the change in environment and the stress of a new beginning that cause the typical college freshmen to gain extra ponds. As students start a new stage of their lives, many eat to deal with the stress of change or loneliness. Often, college students are making meals or choosing foods independently for the first time in their lives. If they live in the college dormitory, they have a wide variety of foods to select from that may be higher in calories and fatter that the foods they consumed living at home. In addition college social events usually center around food. I clearly remember sitting in my dorm cafeteria for two or three hours on a Saturday morning socializing with my new trends. Instead of eating only one meal we would start with broadcast, eat throughout the drat on of our socializing, and finish with lunch. Food also makes an appearance after late-night parties, as part of a school day, or simply to break the monotony. So will this year’s typical freshmen really gain 15 pounds? According to a 2006 Tufts University study, students enrolling in college this will gain weight, but maybe not the assumed 15 pounds. Based on the students surveyed, the study found that men can expect to gain an average of 6 pounds and women an average of 4.5 pounds during the freshman year. PART FOUR WRITING Section B 【查看更多】

     

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    We may all have had the embarrassing moment：Getting half­way through a story only to realize that we've told this exact tale before to the same  person. Why do  we  make  such  memory mistakes?

    According to the research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.

    Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin Macleod, of the University of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory，or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from. The second was destination memory，or the ability to recall who we have given information to.

    They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.

    To study the differences between source memory and destination memory, the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked to associate (联想) 50 random(随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students“told”each fact to one of the faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity's(名人的) picture appeared on a computer screen. The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.

    When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving information out(destination memory)scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information(source memory)．

    The researchers concluded that out­going information was less associated with its environmental context (背景)—that is，the person—than was incoming information.

    This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little facts, will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is limited，we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.

    After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that self­focus is another factor that undermines destination memory.

    They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things about themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information.

    “When you start telling these personal facts compared with non­self facts, suddenly destination memory goes down more, suggesting that it is the self­focus component (成分) that's reducing the memory.”Gopie told Live Science.

    60．The point of this article is to ________.

    A. give advice on how to improve memory

    B. say what causes the memory to worsen

    C. explain why we repeat stories to those we've already told them to

    D. discuss the differences between source memory and destination memory

    61．What can we learn from the article?

    A. Source memory helps us remember who we have  told the information to.

    B. One's limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity's pictures    perform worse on the memory test.

    C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud.

    D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context than outgoing information.

    62．The underlined word“undermines” probably means________.

    A. weakens         B. benefits

    C. explains          D. supports

    63．What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?

    A. Destination memory is weaker than source memory.

    B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.

    C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.

    D. Self­focus is responsible for the reduction of destination memory.

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