In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a forest of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lots.

Skyscrapers are also consumers and wasters of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscrapers office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts--enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.

Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss ( or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical brick wall filled with insulation (绝缘) board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare(眩目的光) as well as heat gain.

However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.               

Skyscrapers put a strain on a city's sanitation facilities(卫生设备),too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone produce 2.25 million gallons of wastes each year-as much a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109,000.

Skyscrapers also affect television reception, block bird flyways and air traffic, In Boston in the late 1960's, some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common. Still ,people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them-personal pride and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of space to rent.

36. The main purpose of the passage is to __

A. compare skyscrapers with other modern structures

B. describe some architectural designs of skyscrapers

C. describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment

D. encourage using bricks in the construction of skyscrapers

37. According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls?

A. The surrounding air is heated.

B. Construction time is increased.

C. The windows must be cleaned daily.

D. Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.

38. According to the passage, in the late 1960's some residents of Boston were concerned with which aspect of skyscrapers?

A. The noise from their construction.

B. The high cost of renting an office.

C. The harmful effects on the city's grass.

D. The removal of trees from building sites.

39. The author raises problems that would most concern which of the following groups?

A. Pilots                            B. Electricians.

C. Environmentalists.         D. Construction workers

The impression you make at the beginning of an interview is very important. Employers often decide to hire someone in the first three minutes of the interview. They judge you by your appearance，attitude(态度)and manners.

A friendly smile when you walk into the room is important. A smile shows a confident（自信的） and positive attitude.

When you introduce yourself， make eye contact with the interviewer. Some interviewers offer a handshake. Others don’t.

Try to be as natural as possible. But pay attention to your body language. The way you sit，walk，gesture，use your voice and show feelings on your face is all part of your body language. It makes the interviewer know how you feel about yourself and the situation you are in. Are you feeling positively about yourself?  Your abilities?  Your interest in the job?

Speak clearly and loudly enough. Show interest and enthusiasm in your voice. When you speak， look at the interviewer. Also， don’t say negative things about yourself， or former employer.

Listen to questions carefully. If you don’t understand a question， ask the interviewer to repeat or explain：

“I’m sorry， but I didn’t catch that.”

“I’m not sure exactly what you mean.”

Almost everyone is nervous in a job interview. Interviewers know that. They don’t expect you to be totally calm and relaxed. But they expect you to try to control your nervousness. They expect you to show confidence in your ability to do the job.

At the end of the interview， thank the interviewer for her or his time.

    It’s a good idea to send a short thank-you letter right after the interview， or deliver it by hand.

Phone the company if you have not heard anything after one week. Ask if they have made a decision about the job.

    Good luck！

It can be inferred from the passage that __ ____.

  A. you should always put on a smile when meeting the employer

  B. you should stand still with respect before the employer

  C. the first impression is very important in an interview

  D. employers understand and like employees’ nervousness

Why should we pay attention to our body language?

  A. Because it can help us win the employer’s positive impression.

  B. Because it can help us feel about the employer.

  C. Because it is needed by our employer.

  D. Because we need it to improve our feelings.

The main purpose of the passage is _ _____.

  A. to give you some advice on the art of finding a job

  B. to tell right from wrong about job interviews

  C. to explain why we should do something about an interview

  D. to suggest not being shy in an interview

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

  A. A Friendly Smile               B. Making a Good Expression

  C. Don’t Be Nervous              D. Sending a Thank-You Letter

　 Kids will often ignore your requests for them to shut off the TV，start their chores(杂事)，or do their homework as a way to avoid following your directions.Before you know it，you’ve started to sound like a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments，clean their rooms，or take out the trash.Rather than saying “Do your chores now.” you’ll be more effective if you set a target time for when the chores have to be completed.So instead of arguing about starting chores，just say，“If chores aren’t done by 4 pm，here are the consequences.”Then it’s up to your child to complete the chores.Put the ball back in their court.Don’t argue or fight with them，just say，“That’s the way it’s going to be.”It shouldn’t be punitive(惩罚性的)as much as it should be persuasive.“If your chores aren’t done by 4 pm，then no video game time until chores are done.And if finishing those chores runs into homework time，that’s going to be your loss.”On the other hand，when dealing with homework，keep it very simple.Have a time when homework starts，and at that time，all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done.If your kids say they have no homework，then they should use that time to study or read.Either way，there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off.

　 When a kid wears his iPod or headphones when you’re trying to talk to him，make no bones about it；he is not ignoring you，he is disrespecting you.At that point，everything else should stop until he takes the earplugs out of his ears.Don’t try to communicate with him when he’s wearing headphones—even if he tells you he can hear you.Wearing them while you’re talking to him is a sign of disrespect.Parents should be very tough about this kind of thing.Remember，mutual respect becomes more important as children mature.

1.According to the passage，it seldom happens that　　　　 .

　 A.kids turn a deaf ear to their parents’ requests

　 B.parents’ directions sound like a broken record

　 C.children are ready to follow their parents’ directions　

　 D.parents are unaware of what they are repeating to their kids

2.Parents will be able to deal with their children more effectively if they　　　　 .

　 A.avoid direct ways of punishment

　 B.make them do things at their request

　 C.argue and fight with their children

　 D.allow their children to behave in their own way

3.When the kid is doing his homework，parents　　　　 .

　 A.should provide him with a good learning environment

　 B.can do whatever they like

　 C.can stay aside watching TV

　 D.must switch off the power

4.It can be inferred from the passage that　　　　 .

　 A.parents should take off his headphones when trying to have a talk with their child

　 B.it will make no difference that a kid is wearing his earplugs while talking to his parents

　 C.parents shouldn’t give in to their kid when he shows no sign of respect

　 D.kids’ purposely talking to their parents with iPod gives them a sense of power and control

5.The main idea of the passage is　　　　 .

　 A.that respecting each other is more important than anything else

　 B.how kids behave to ignore and disrespect their parents

　 C.that children should make choices and decisions on their own

　 D.how parents can deal with their kids’ behavior effectively

The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing.

October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar. Universities have something called Freshers’ Week for their newcomers. It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.

However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect (前景) of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking (令人焦虑不安的). Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?

Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years.

Here are some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers’ Week：

● Learn rules. Make sure you know British social etiquette (礼节). Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.

● Be kind. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.

● Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people than if you’re someone who never leaves his room.

● Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you’re in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you’re friendly.

So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Freshers’ Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you’ll be passing on your experience to next year’s freshers.

1.We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. Freshers’ Week usually comes in September in UK

B. all the students are required to join certain clubs in UK

C. many freshers are worried about how to fit university life

D. most of the students in the UK spend three years in universities

2.Why does the author suggest having wine glasses and snacks handy?

A. To pass the busy university life.

B. To help make friends with other freshers.

C. To show yourself a drinker as others.

D. To enjoy the time in a happy way.

3.The main purpose of the passage is to _______.

A. tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universities

B. introduce something about higher education system of the UK

C. inform the freshers of British social etiquette

D. advise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginning

Linus Pauling，the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes，was born in Portland，Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962，long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry，especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts，the amino acids(氨基酸)，which are called the“building blocks of life”.In 1950，he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule，a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ，Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security，for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However，the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules，he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on，Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts，The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty，declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones，came into effect on October 10,1963，the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.

1. 1.

   From the first Paragraph，we learn that Linus Pauling________.

   1. A.
      didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
   2. B.
      is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
   3. C.
      was once badly treated in Washington High School
   4. D.
      chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
2. 2.

   Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?

   1. A.
      The “behavior” of molecules.
   2. B.
      Physical chemistry.
   3. C.
      Biological chemistry.
   4. D.
      The human body.
3. 3.

   Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear­Test­Ban Treaty?

   1. A.
      The use of nuclear weapons.
   2. B.
      Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.
   3. C.
      Testing hydrogen bomb on underground.
   4. D.
      The production of hydrogen bombs.
4. 4.

   The main idea of the passage is to show________.

   1. A.
      Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
   2. B.
      Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
   3. C.
      Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
   4. D.
      Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace