Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, b  48  saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? To find o 49 , I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.    It can boost （促进） productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, a 50  assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to p 51 , and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.

Environments influence friendliness, One study found that people in the city were more likely to kiss one hand with a stranger than those in the countryside. And researchers say，pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos t 52  unpleasant ones. My experience was similarly. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far l 53  often than my rural one. Similarly, people in vacation spots, l 54  the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown. 

It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello w 55  smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。

Let children learn to judge their own work.1.if corrected too much， he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit， he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. 2.they learn to do without being taught-to walk， run， climb， whistle， ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people， and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself， let alone correct them.3.We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him， or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out， with the help of other children if he wants it， what this word says， what answer is to that problem， whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

　　If it is a matter of right answers， as it may be in mathematics or science， give him the answer book.4.

Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work？5.Let’s end this nonsense of grades， exams， marks， Let us throw them all out， and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn， how to measure their own understanding， how to know what they know or do not know.

A. Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can‘t find the way to get the right answer.

B. Point out his mistakes.

C. In the same way， when children learn to do all the other things,

D. Let him correct his own papers.

E. We do it all for him.

F. We allow him to learn from other children.

G.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time；

 

补全短文
注意；E涂AB  F涂AC   G 涂 AD（10分）
Let children learn to judge their work．71 ．If corrected too much, he will stop talking．He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use．Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s．72 They learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes．
But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself．73 we act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to．Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not．
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book．74 Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? 75  Let the children learn what all educated people must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know．

A．Children learn to do all the other things in the same way．

B．Let him correct his own papers

C．Point out his mistakes

D．We do it all for him

E．We allow him to learn from other children
F．A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time
G．Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer

[1] Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.   

[2] It can boost （促进） productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.  

[3] Environments influence friendliness, One study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And researchers say, pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similarly. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown.  

[4] It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。

[5] So maybe we can make the world a better place by____________. After a month of doing it. I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being.  

76. What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1? （within 8 words）  

________________________________________________________________________

77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?  

Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests.  

________________________________________________________________________

78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. （within 5 words）  

79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. （within 8 words）  

①                          ②                      ③  

80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 Chinese.   

Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward(胆小鬼). But you will never really know the answer to that question until you are tested in real life. Some people think they are brave, but when they come face to face with real danger, they act like cowards. Other people think of themselves as cowardly, but when they meet danger, they act like heroes.?

Lenny Sputnik had always thought of himself as a nervous person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and his health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. Then, on 15th January 1982, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. Then he saw a woman in the ice-cold water. Suddenly Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very calm and did a very courageous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, swam to the woman, and kept her head above the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny Sputnik, it was not seventy-nine.?

When you are in a very dangerous situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. This chemical is called adrenalin. With adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and are ready to fight or run away. However, when you are completely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this happens, the muscles become very hard and you find that you cannot move at all. You are then disabled with fear. That is why, when we are very frightened, we sometimes say that we are ‘petrified’. This word comes from the Greek word ‘peters’ which means ‘stone’. We are so frightened we have become like stone.?

1. According to the writer's opinion, a brave person can be judged by ______

A．his words

B．his thought?

C．his action

D．his looks?

2.From what Lenny did, we can conclude that __________?

A．Lenny had a good chance	B．Lenny was brave?
C．Lenny liked swimming	D．Lenny wanted to be a hero?

3. In great danger, a hero always keeps __________.?

A．nervous

B．worried?

C．calm

D．disappointed?

4. Adrenalin in our body is ________.?

A．harmful

B．useless?

C．changeable

D．dangerous?

5.If a person's body produces too much adrenaline, he will ________.?

A．become stronger	B．lose his feeling and power?
C．become a stone	D．become a hero