Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values. Many decision makers have a(n)  50  to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several   51  can arise.

﹡ A   52   in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information.

﹡  53   overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually   54   because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed  55  . A major problem caused by information overload is  56  . When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out.

﹡Selective use of the information will occur.  57   , the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived(预先构想的) solution or position.

﹡Mental fatigue occurs, which  58   slower work or poor quality work.

﹡  59    fatigue occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often the result is fast, careless decisions or no decisions are made at all.

The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is  60  selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to  61  subsequent information or forget earlier information.

A common   62  about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other: you gather information, explore alternatives, and  63  , without regard to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions.

We might say, then every decision  64   from previous decisions: enables many future decisions, and assists other future decisions.

A. ability                B. tendency         C. quality              D. strength

A. advantages         B. agreements       C. decisions         D. problems

A. delay                  B. possibility        C. solution          D. settlement

A. Labor                    B. Knowledge       C. Information          D. Intelligence

A. eliminates        B. declines           C. qualifies           D. promotes

A. relatively         B. objectively         C. appropriately      D. personally

A. forgetfulness          B. inconvenience    C. uselessness         D. disability

A. After all          B. In addition       C. In short             D. That is to say

A. suffers from       B. deals with       C. results in            D. applies to

A. Beauty               B. Memory         C. Sight             D. Decision

A. accidentally        B. consciously      C. occasionally        D. independently

A. ignore             B. select           C. store               D. process

A. interest             B. sense           C. conclusion          D. misunderstanding

A. draw a conclusion  B. made a choice    C. put it aside       D. try it out

A. prevents           B. decides             C. infers             D. follows

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Big climate changes in the last million years might have come from something very small: dust from outer space.

   Earth changes between ice ages and warm periods in a(n) ____ that includes several cycles, including a ___ one that lasts 100,000 years. Scientists ____suggested this cycle might be due to changes in the inflow of cosmic(宇宙) dust.

   The idea is that Earth ___above and below the imaginary plane that runs through the sun and Jupiter(木星), completing a cycle every 100,000 years. So maybe it encounters ___varying amounts of dust during each cycle that produce the climate trend.

   Now there is some ____, from ancient cosmic dust recovered in ocean-floor drilling near the Azores islands west of Portugal. The large quantity of the dust rises and falls with a wonderful 100,000 year cycle during the period analyzed, 253,000 years to 458,000 years ago. Periods of more dust are related to____ climates.

   But that is a long way from showing that the dust ____ climate. Some scientists argue that it is not clear how cosmic dust would make the climate warmer while dust from volcanoes is known to make it cooler. They say the cosmic dust is so thin that it is hard to see how it could have any climate____.

   Nevertheless, the new study shows scientists have to take the cosmic dust idea seriously.

Last year the number of studects who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n) ________of 40,000 per year.

         A.average                           B.number                                     C.amount                            D.quantity

 Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Big climate changes in the last million years might have come from something very small: dust from outer space.

   Earth changes between ice ages and warm periods in a(n) __1.__ that includes several cycles, including a __2._ one that lasts 100,000 years. Scientists __3.__suggested this cycle might be due to changes in the inflow of cosmic(????) dust.

   The idea is that Earth _4.__above and below the imaginary plane that runs through the sun and Jupiter(???), completing a cycle every 100,000 years. So maybe it encounters __5._varying amounts of dust during each cycle that produce the climate trend.

   Now there is some __6.__, from ancient cosmic dust recovered in ocean-floor drilling near the Azores islands west of Portugal. The large quantity of the dust rises and falls with a wonderful 100,000 year cycle during the period analyzed, 253,000 years to 458,000 years ago. Periods of more dust are related to__7.__ climates.

   But that is a long way from showing that the dust __8.__ climate. Some scientists argue that it is not clear how cosmic dust would make the climate warmer while dust from volcanoes is known to make it cooler. They say the cosmic dust is so thin that it is hard to see how it could have any climate__9.__.

   Nevertheless, the new study shows scientists have to take the cosmic dust idea seriously.

Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values. Many decision makers have a(n)  50 to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several   51 can arise.
﹡ A   52  in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information.
﹡  53  overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually   54  because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed  55 . A major problem caused by information overload is  56 . When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out.
﹡Selective use of the information will occur.  57   , the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived(预先构想的) solution or position.
﹡Mental fatigue occurs, which  58  slower work or poor quality work.
﹡  59   fatigue occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often the result is fast, careless decisions or no decisions are made at all.
The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is  60 selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to  61 subsequent information or forget earlier information.
A common   62 about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other: you gather information, explore alternatives, and  63 , without regard to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions.
We might say, then every decision  64  from previous decisions: enables many future decisions, and assists other future decisions.