We have all heard the old phrase “attitude is everything”, and that phrase is certainly true．Your attitude can have a great impact on your personal motivation, so it is important to keep a positive attitude no matter what challenges you face．

As a matter of fact, keeping your attitude positive in the face of difficulties is the motivation tip that most successful business owners will tell you．The most successful business owners, from Sam Walton to Bill Gates, have all been able to triumph in the face of unpleasant situations．It is those successful business owners who tell you that attitude is everything．But how you deal with that knowledge will determine your level of success．

One of the most important ways to carry out “attitude is everything” is to observe who you associate with and who you surround yourself with．That is because when you surround yourself with negative people, their negative attitudes will infect you．So keeping your associates, colleagues, co-workers and friends as positive as possible is a great way to put the phrase “attitude is everything” into practice．

Whatever you decide to do in life, your attitude will have a great effect on the success you achieve．Success , whether in the world of business or in your personal life, is directly related to your attitude, and the attitude you bring to your work．A positive attitude will help you achieve greater success in your job, no matter what your current level of employment．

1.According to the text, Sam Walton __________．

     A．is more successful than Bill Gates

         B．has given readers some tips about success

         C．has never dealt with unpleasant situations

         D．is one of the most successful businessmen

2.One useful way of carrying out “attitude is everything” is__________．

     A．not letting others affect your decisions

     B．not making friends with people who are unsuccessful

     C．keeping the people who surround you positive

     D．getting some advice from successful business owners

3.What’s the best title for the text ?

     A．Attitude Determines Your Success

     B．Motivation Tips From Successful People

     C．Ways To Deal With Unpleasant Situations

     D．Making Friends With Positive People

 

Everyone has dreams and they obey the rules that if you can dream it, you can achieve it! Here are four goals for people to reach a perfect life in their future.

The first goal common to all of us is health and energy. We all want to be healthy and fit, to have high levels of energy and to live free of pains and illnesses. Today, with the incredible advances in medical science, the quality of our health and fitness, and our lifespan, is largely determined by design, not by chance. People with excellent health habits are far healthier, have more energy, and live longer and better than people who have poor health habits. Remember that health is not everything, but without health everything is nothing!

The second goal that we all have in common is to enjoy excellent relationships--- intimate, personal or social--- with the people we like and respect, and who like and respect us in turn. Fully 85% of your happiness will be determined by the quality of your relationships at each stage, and in each area, of your life. How well you get along with people, and how much they like, love and respect you, have more impact on the quality of your life than perhaps any other factor.

The third common goal is to do work that we enjoy, to do it well, and to be well paid for it. You want to be able to get and keep the job you want, to get paid more and elevated faster. You want to earn the very most that is possible for you at each stage of your career, whatever you do.

The fourth goal we all have in common is to achieve financial independence. You want to reach the point in life where you have enough money so that you never have to worry about money again. You want to completely be free of financial worries. You want to be able to order dinner in a restaurant without referring to the price listings to determine what you want to eat.

1.What does this passage chiefly talk about?  (No more than 15 words)

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2.Why does the author put health ahead of other goals?  (No more than 20 words)

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3.Judging from the passage, what directly influences most of your happiness?  (No more than 20 words)

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4.The underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 4 refers to “_________”.   (No more than 5 words)

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5.How can you gain financial independence? Please give your idea in brief. (No more than 15 words)

______________________________________________________________________________

 

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric（结构） of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed（加速） physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric tro lleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery（周围）of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.

Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl（建筑物无计划延伸） was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision （再划分小区）there proceeded much faster than population growth.

72．With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

       A．Types of mass transportation.

       B．Instability of urban life.

       C．How supply and demand determine land use.

       D．The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.

73．Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?

       A．To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.

       B．To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.

       C．To show mass transportation changed many cities.

       D．To contrast their rate of growth.

74．According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?

       A．It was expensive.

       B．It happened too slowly.

       C．It was unplanned.

       D．It created a demand for public transportation.

75．The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,

       A．that is large.

       B．that is used as a model for land development.

       C．where the development of land exceeded population growth.

       D．with an excellent mass transportation system.

The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别）balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.

While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so， generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are more often given science sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.

In school ₃ boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people _? a country，and a planet，we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.

Our bias(偏见)toward girls₉ either from families or from schools ，is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it. Although the situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense that girls aren't as good at math ₉ for instance ₉ even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.

It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them， we are limiting the potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary resources， exposure _, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn^’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.

1.According to the passage _? not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because______.

A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys

B．girls do not like to take science classes

C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM

D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions

2.The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to______

A．our bias           B．our culture        C．the situation       D．a sense

3.The main purpose of the passage is to______.

A．show women’s potentials in STEM fields

B．praise women’s contributions to STEM fields

C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields

D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

 

Play is the basic business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great impor??tance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy (婴儿), every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. The main function of toys is to suggest, encourage and play. To succeed in this, they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again, and again. Therefore it is important to choose suit??able toys for different stages of a child’s development.

In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited (遗传的) abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.

In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toys should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability: Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling (涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play;toys for imaginative and pretending play — the first so??cial games for learning to play and get on with others.

But at the third stage of play development — from five to seven or eight years old — the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.

Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and val??uable, which lead up to new hobbies, but their significance has changed — to a child of nine or ten years old, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.

1. according to the first passage we know that as a child grows up________.

A. he should be allowed to choose his own toys

B. he should be given the same toys

C. he should be given different toys

D. he should be given fewer and fewer toys

2. according to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents________.

A. determine his character

B. will not change after the age of three

C. partly determine the standard he is likely to reach

D. to a large extent determine the choice of toys

3. We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity________.

A. when he is two                               B. when he is around four

C. when he is six                   D. when he is eight

4. The passage is mainly about________.

A. the importance of pre-school education   B. the importance of schooling

C. the role of play in a child’s development           D. the choice of toys for youngster