Birds don’t need lessons in building nests. Fish don’t need coaching to learn how to swim. All animals have instincts. They’re born with natural abilities to do certain things. Wild animals also learn by copying their parents and practicing. And pets learn through training.[来源:学#科#网]

But instincts and training aren’t the only keys to animals’ behavior. Scientists say animals’ thoughts and feelings also influence their actions. Animals often make choices, plans, and sensible changes. They can help others and solve problems. Some even make and use tools!

If animals could talk, what would they say about their thoughts and feelings? A gorilla (大猩猩) born in captivity (关在笼子里) has helped answer that question. Koko, a gorilla, was taught to use sign language. She has learned hundreds of words!

Koko once had a pet cat she named All Ball. “Koko love Ball,” she signed. “Soft good cat.” One time, she blamed the cat for biting her by signing “You bad dirty toilet!” When her pet died, Koko cried. “Sad for sleeping cat,” she signed.

Koko calls herself “fine animal gorilla”. She uses sign language to argue, joke, and ask and answer questions.

“Most animals can’t use words to tell us their thoughts,” says Dr. Jonathan Balcombe. “But Koko shows us that animals have their own ideas and feelings.” Dr. Balcombe is a scientist at the Humane Society of the United States. He says there’s even more to discover about animals through field studies. In field studies, people watch animals in their natural environment.

“Scientists who study animals’ natural behaviors learn how animals live and think,” Balcombe says. “That knowledge can help others respect every animal who shares the planet with us.”

1.The underlined word “instincts” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to the ability that ________.

A. animals copy their parents                      B. animals learn by practicing

C. animals are born with                            D. animals learn through training

2.The example of Koko shows that ________.

A. an animal likes to have its own pet    B. an animal can learn to speak through training

C. an animal has the natural ability to speak   D. an animal can speak its mind

3.According to Balcombe, learning how animals live and think can ________.

A. help people care for animals                   B. teach animals to use words

C. train animals to use tools                        D. train animals to be cleverer

4.What might be the best title for the passage?

A. Raising animals as pets                          B. Understanding animals

C. Training animals to speak                       D. Protecting animals from danger

Birds don’t need lessons in building nests. Fish don’t need coaching to learn how to swim. All animals have instincts. They’re born with natural abilities to do certain things. Wild animals also learn by copying their parents and practicing. And pets learn through training.

But instincts and training aren’t the only keys to animals’ behavior. Scientists say animals’ thoughts and feelings also influence their actions. Animals often make choices, plans, and sensible changes. They can help others and solve problems. Some even make and use tools!

If animals could talk, what would they say about their thoughts and feelings? A gorilla (大猩猩) born in captivity (关在笼子里) has helped answer that question. Koko, a gorilla, was taught to use sign language. She has learned hundreds of words!

Koko once had a pet cat she named All Ball. “Koko love Ball,” she signed. “Soft good cat.” One time, she blamed the cat for biting her by signing “You bad dirty toilet!” When her pet died, Koko cried. “Sad for sleeping cat,” she signed.

Koko calls herself “fine animal gorilla”. She uses sign language to argue, joke, and ask and answer questions.

“Most animals can’t use words to tell us their thoughts,” says Dr. Jonathan Balcombe. “But Koko shows us that animals have their own ideas and feelings.” Dr. Balcombe is a scientist at the Humane Society of the United States. He says there’s even more to discover about animals through field studies. In field studies, people watch animals in their natural environment.

“Scientists who study animals’ natural behaviors learn how animals live and think,” Balcombe says. “That knowledge can help others respect every animal who shares the planet with us.”

The underlined word “instincts” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to the ability that ________.

A. animals copy their parents B. animals learn by practicing

C. animals are born with       D. animals learn through training

The example of Koko shows that ________.

A. an animal likes to have its own pet    B. an animal can learn to speak through training

C. an animal has the natural ability to speak   D. an animal can speak its mind

According to Balcombe, learning how animals live and think can ________.

A. help people care for animals                   B. teach animals to use words

C. train animals to use tools                        D. train animals to be cleverer

What might be the best title for the passage?

A. Raising animals as pets                          B. Understanding animals

C. Training animals to speak  D. Protecting animals from danger

Most Americans don’t like to get advice ___1___ （介词）members of their family. They get advice from “___2___ (strange)”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. Many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines ___3___（关系词） give advice ___4___ （介词）many different subjects ___5___ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, ___6___ （连词）even on how to buy a house or a car.

Most newspapers ___7___ (regular派生词) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers __8__(write) by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, others are lawyers or educators. But two of __9__（冠词）most famous writers of advice are women without special ___10___ (train) for this kind of work.

　　There are three branches of medicine. The first kind of medicine is called “doctor medicine”or “scientific medicine.”Scientific doctors try to observe sickness, look for logical patterns, and then find out how the human body works. From these they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient world this approach probably did not cure many patients.

　　The second kind of medicine is called “natural cures”, or “folk medicine”, in which less educated people try to cure sickness with various herbs（药草）. These folk healers（医疗者）also use obser-vation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that.

　　Folk medicine flourished（兴旺）long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine.

　　The third kind is called “health spas”, or “faith healing（调节）”. Sometimes, this may be as simple as touching the holy（神圣的）man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell, to cure you. Some religious groups organize special healing shrines（圣地）for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests（神父）and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel-better.

(1)Doctor medicine ________.

[　　]

A．has a longer history than folk medicine

B．has been practised for around 1600 years

C．bases its treatments on observation and logic

D．was very successful in curing sick-ness in ancient times

(2)According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health spas?

[　　]

A．Magic power.

B．Various herbs.

C．Religious faith.

D．A healthy life style.

(3)According to the passage, which of the statements is TRUE?

[　　]

A．Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.

B．People who practise folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.

C．The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.

D．Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.

(4)The second kind of medicine mentioned in this passage ________.

[　　]

A．is more successful in modern times

B．has a much longer history than the other two kinds of medicine

C．is also based on observation and logic as the first kind does

D．advise people to rest, sleep, eat healthy food and take exercise

(5)The author's primary purpose in this passage is to ________.

[　　]

A．describe different types of medicine

B．argue for the importance of medicine in health care

C．show the crucial（到关重要的）role religion plays in medical treatment

D．compare the educational background of three different types of patients