It is thought that crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tear, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears (落泪者) is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive (适得其反).

Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance (increase) survival.

Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.

Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.

Other researchers are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome（综合症）and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.

What does the phrase “both those responses” in Paragraph 1 refer to ?

       A．Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.

       B．The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.

       C．The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying.

       D．Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.

From the passage we can infer that        .

       A．it is unnatural for people to shed tears

       B．we can reduce our stress by shedding tears

       C．shedders of tears can’t get help by crying loudly

       D．unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival

What does the passage mainly talk about?

       A．Roles of emotional tears. B．functions of shedding tears.

       C．Unwelcome shedders of tears. D．Research on the effects of tears.

　短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

此题要求改正所给短文的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉；在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉；该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）；在该行右边横线上写出该加的词；该行错一个词，在错的词下划一个横线；在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。

   When we feel sad or happily, a good cry is almost            1.______

impossible to resist. But do you know why we cry?             2. ______

Experts have found that tear contain some chemicals        3. ______

like hormone. When one is feeling stressed, it set free,       4.______

tears will come down. So crying is a way of get                5. ______

rid of the stress and you will often feel better before a     6. ______

good cry. Of course sex has nothing to do to crying.      7. ______

Women cry more often just because of they have more           8. ______

of this hormone than men. But next time you feel like      9. ______

bursting into tears, go ahead. It won't be good to your health. 10. ______

I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.

A. a, tear     B. a piece of, tears   C. a, tears      D. a piece of, tear

第二节：完形填空 (共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
One day a young man was standing in the middle of the town, saying that he had the most beautiful heart in the whole world. A large crowd   36   and they all admired his heart, for it was   37 .There was not a mark or a flaw (瑕疵) in it. They all agreed it was  38   the most beautiful heart they had   39   seen. The young man was very   40   and boasted (自夸) more loudly about his beautiful heart.
Suddenly, an old man   41   at the front of the   42   and said, “Your heart is not as beautiful as mine.” The crowd and the young man looked at the old man’s heart. It was beating  43 , but it was full of   44  . It had places where pieces had been   45   and other pieces put in, but they didn’t  46   quite right and there were several rough and pointed edges.
The people stared. “How can he say his heart is more beautiful?” they thought. The young man looked at the old man’s heart and laughed. “You must be   47  ,” he said. “Compare your heart with mine. Mine is perfect and yours is a mess of scars.”
“Yes, yours   48   perfect, but I would never trade with you,” said the old man. “Every scar   49   a person to whom I have given my love. I  50   a piece of my heart and give it to them, and often they give me a piece of their heart which fits into the   51   place in my heart, but because the pieces aren’t   52   in shape, I have some rough edges, which I  53 .They remind me of the love we shared. So now do you see what true   54   is?”
The young man was moved. He stood there silently with   55   running down his cheeks.
36. A. stopped      B. came       C. agreed       D. gathered
37. A. clean        B. exciting    C. happy        D. perfect
38. A. probably       B. truly      C. likely       D. luckily
39. A. never         B. seldom      C. ever         D. sometimes
40. A. proud        B. regretful   C. happy        D. angry
41. A. appeared      B. cried      C. showed        D. listened
42. A. man          B. crowd        C. street       D. town
43. A. quickly      B. strongly    C. slowly         D. heavily
44. A. tears        B. water      C. scars        D. love
45. A. burnt        B. changed     C. removed      D. cut
46. A. place        B. fit        C. jump         D. see
47. A. joking       B. tricking     C. dreaming       D. playing
48. A. looks        B. smells      C. sounds        D. feels
49. A. explains     B. helps      C. presents      D. represents
50. A. tear down     B. turn down    C. tear out       D. throw out
51. A. clean        B. scary      C. empty        D. painful
52. A. normal         B. big        C. fine           D. exact
53. A. want         B. dislike    C. fear          D. value 
54. A. kindness     B. happiness    C. beauty         D. love
55. A. water        B. sweat      C. tears        D. Blood

第二节 完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并从答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

It was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members __36___ the hall. I was only a 7-year-old girl, but I was the center of __37___. Finally, after weeks of preparation, I would __38_ all my hard work in a dance of performance. Everything would be __39___ —so I thought. I waited backstage all __40__ in my black tights with a golden belt. In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies  __41__ that my class was next.

My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet, facing the  __42___. All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. I really was an  __43__ move. I was concentrating so much  __44___ the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look  __45__ I was going. I missed my partner’s box altogether and __46__. There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles(咯咯笑) coming from the audience, and I felt the ___47___ rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us, “If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not ___48___.” I did my best to follow her ___49___ as I continued with the routine.

When the curtain dropped, so did my __50___ for the evening. I ___51___ bitterly, tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face. I ran backstage, but no one could __52__ me down.

 Recently I realized I had been a __53__ that night. I was ___54___, but I fought the urge to run off the stage. __55___, I finished the routine with a smile on my face. Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance, I can laugh too.

36. A. filled       B. visited      C. attended     D. decorated

37. A. pressure    B. impression   C. debate       D. attention

38. A. take over    B. show off     C. look after    D. give up

39. A. reasonable   B. suitable      C. obvious     D. perfect

40. A. dressed up   B. folded up     C. covered up   D. mixed up

41. A. suggested    B. explained    C. announced    D. predicted

42. A. music       B. audience     C. curtain       D. stage

43. A. easy        B. active        C. adventurous   D. extra

44. A. containing   B. hiding       C. sharing       D. keeping

45. A. why        B. whether      C. where        D. what

46. A. wandered    B. slipped      C. waved        D. skipped

47. A. blood       B. pleasure      C. pride        D. tear

48. A. leave       B. cheer         C. believe      D. notice

49. A. gesture      B. example      C. advice      D. plan

50. A. doubts       B. hopes        C. voice       D. patience

51. A. argued       B. shouted       C. begged      D. sobbed

52. A. turn          B. calm        C. let          D. put

53. A. star         B. pioneer       C. loser         D. fool

54. A. satisfied     B. moved        C. embarrassed    D. confused

55. A. However     B. Instead        C. In total       D. in return