Soil conservation efforts protect soil from wind and water that can blow or wash it away． Good soil produces food crops for both people and animals．

       One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks （防风林）． Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants with many leaves． Farmers plant them in lines around their fields． Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away． They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops． They are very important for growing grains, such as wheat．

       For example, in parts of West Africa, studies have shown that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher on fields protected by windbreaks compared to those without such protection．

       Windbreaks are effective when a wall of trees and other plants blocks the wind． The windbreaks should also limit violent motions of the wind to those areas closest to the windbreak．

       However, windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through． If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely, then violent air motions will take place close to the ground． These motions cause the soil to lift up into the air where it will be blown away． For this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line．

       An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak．

       There should be at least two lines in each windbreak．One line should be large trees．The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves．

       Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind．They can also provide wood products． These include wood for fuel and longer pieces for making fences．Locally-grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks．

1．What does this text primarily concern?

       A．A way to protect soil．

       B．Some advice on growing windbreaks．

       C．The effect of windbreaks．

       D．A way to protect crops．

2．Which of the following is NOT true about windbreaks?

       A．If windbreaks stop the wind completely，the soil will be blown away above the windbreaks．

       B．Leaving sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line is a best windbreak．

       C．A better windbreak should be two lines or more with the same height．

       D．Windbreaks work best during an area up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in them．

3．The underlined word "barriers" （Para．2） refers to       ．

       A．something that is built with trees together with other plants．

       B．a structure built to forbid passage of wind with trees or other plants．

       C．something used to help things control their movement．

       D．narrow lines where trees and other plants with many leaves are planted．

4．Which of the following is most likely to show the right area that a windbreak can protect?

Everyone takes drugs．Sometimes a drug might be called a herb but the effect is the same．Drugs and herbs can make life better for they are used to improve health．From the simplest headache to a cure for cancer, people believe that certain drugs can help them．But there is danger if the drugs are not used in a proper way．

American teenagers sometimes use certain drugs to feel good．They call this “getting high”．The problem is that once a young man or a young woman has the feeling of“getting high”，they want to do it often．If school is boring or too hard，students might get depressed and a drug or herb might help them feel better．If the student takes too much of a drug，the body may change in a wrong way such as a confused mind，poor sight，a headache，and an uncomfortable stomach．

Schools now have D．A．R．E．program which means Drug Abuse Resistance Education．This program was started so that young students from age 10 to 18 might understand how a drug affects their bodies．The main point of the program is education．Once a student understands certain drugs can cause ill health，he will know he should not use them．

Education is the key to good nutrition as well．If a student eats correctly，he or she will be full of energy which leads to good study habits and good grades．Poor nutrition may cause the need for more sleep and poor concentration．Proper food is similar to the proper use of drugs．Both allow a healthy body to grow while misuse of them prevents a person from developing normally．

41．Drugs can make life better and improve health when people        ．

    A．use them in a proper way．

    B．take too much of them in a special way．

    C．have a little of them in any way．

    D．use them every now and then．

42．What does the underlined phrase“getting high”in Paragraph 2 mean?

    A．Flying high．           B．Feeling comfortable．

    C．Getting confused．  D．Falling asleep．

43．We can infer from the passage that        ．

    A．drug abuse is a common phenomenon in America

    B．poor grades is the main reason for drug abuse．

    C．good eating habit may help students keep away from drugs

    D．teenagers al ways need to seek for excitement

44．The main aim of D．A．R．E．program is to           ．

    A．manage and control drugs

    B．explain to teenagers what drug is

    C．stop teenagers from taking drugs

    D．help teenagers know about the harm of drugs

45．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

    A．Use Drug Properly

    B．The Harm of Getting High

    C．Common Drug Abuse in America

    D．Why do Students Take drugs?

The consumer(消费者) plays a very important role in the global efforts to reduce C0₂ emissions(排放). Households use one third of the final energy and produce around two thirds of city waste in the European Union. Besides，housing, food，and private transport make up almost 80％ of environmental pressures. Therefore there’s no doubt that consumers can make a real difference in fighting climate change．

To direct consumers towards more environmentally-friendly decisions，we need clear and simple instructions to guide consumption behavior. Actually, two thirds of consumers find it hard to figure out which products are better for the environment, for 58% Europeans think that many businesses just pretend to be green so as to charge higher prices. Thus industry should work harder to give consumers more information about the carbon footprint of their product. For example, inform customers of products made from materials that are recycled，renewable, and／or less carbon-intensive.

People prefer high-quality products that will last long and won’t go out of style, though they might sometimes cost more, especially in time of crisis. Firms that make durable（持久耐用的） or recyclable products cause people to behave more responsibly, which may help put an end to our “throw-way” culture．

However, it is not enough to remind people of green products. It’s more important to direct people to follow a practical lifestyle model. Regulations(规则) alone cannot achieve this purpose. We call for good business communities to create a loyal group of “sustainable(可持续的) consumers”.

1.According to the passage, the key to going greener globally is    ．

A．to provide enough information about sustainable products

B．to get the government involved in protecting the environment

C．to encourage consumers to make their efforts to live a green way

D．to direct companies to provide environmentally-friendly products

2.The second paragraph tried to tell us that       ．

A．people are buying sustainable products to have a lighter carbon footprint

B．most European consumers lack confidence in making responsible choices

C．companies have done enough to allow consumers to make greener choices

D．companies can make more money by making less carbon-intensive products

3.It’s advised that companies had better       especially in the time of crisis.

A．throw away old materials

B．reduce the cost of production

C．make more durable products

D．replace their products frequently

4.The last paragraph puts emphasis on ___________.

A．the quality of products.

B．the honesty of companies.

C．the government regulations.

D．the importance of lifestyle.

The consumer(消费者) plays a very important role in the global efforts to reduce C0₂ emissions(排放). Households use one third of the final energy and produce around two thirds of city waste in the European Union. Besides，housing, food，and private transport make up almost 80％ of environmental pressures. Therefore there’s no doubt that consumers can make a real difference in fighting climate change．

To direct consumers towards more environmentally-friendly decisions，we need clear and simple instructions to guide consumption behavior. Actually, two thirds of consumers find it hard to figure out which products are better for the environment, for 58% Europeans think that many businesses just pretend to be green so as to charge higher prices. Thus industry should work harder to give consumers more information about the carbon footprint of their product. For example, inform customers of products made from materials that are recycled，renewable, and／or less carbon-intensive.

People prefer high-quality products that will last long and won’t go out of style, though they might sometimes cost more, especially in time of crisis. Firms that make durable（持久耐用的） or recyclable products cause people to behave more responsibly, which may help put an end to our “throw-way” culture．

However, it is not enough to remind people of green products. It’s more important to direct people to follow a practical lifestyle model. Regulations alone cannot achieve this purpose. We call for good business communities to create a loyal group of “sustainable(可持续的) consumers”.

1.According to the passage, the key to going greener globally is     ．

A. to provide enough information about sustainable products

B. to get the government involved in protecting the environment

C. to encourage consumers to make their efforts to live a green way

D. to direct companies to provide environmentally-friendly products

2.The second paragraph tried to tell us that       ．

A. people are buying sustainable products to have a lighter carbon footprint

B. most European consumers lack confidence in making responsible choices

C. companies have done enough to allow consumers to make greener choices

D. companies can make more money by making less carbon-intensive products

3.It’s advised that companies had better        especially in the time of crisis.

A. throw away old materials    

B. reduce the cost of production

C. make more durable products      

D. replace their products frequently

4.The last paragraph puts emphasis on ___________.

A. the quality of products.        

B. the honesty of companies.

C. the government regulations.     

D. the importance of lifestyle.

An Australian-based scientist announced yesterday he had made a step forward in forensic(用于法庭的) DNA testing so that an individual can be identified by a single cell．

Ian Findlay from the Australian Genome Research Facility at the University of Queensland, said current DNA testing required 200 to 500 cells to gain a similar level of accuracy．

“What we have done has brought that down to one cell,” Dr．Findlay said after releasing details of his DNA testing technique at a Sydney conference．

The technology could allow investigators to pick up DNA identities from plastic cards and even build up a complete history of the people who have handled a paper document．

“You’d have to wear a space suit to stop yourself from leaving traces．You can identify cells on the paper, so you can work out where it’s come from and who’s touched it．” he said．

The technique could also be used to trace the thrower of a punch from cells left Behind on the skin of their victim．Even the wearing of latex gloves would not help; small cells can pass through the gloves, and the constant flow of genetic material given off by the human body would leave further evidence．

“we gained a skin cell from a document dating back 30 years and managed to gain a DNA fingerprint．DNA evidence can remain fresh for decades, perhaps even centuries．” Dr．Findlay said．

“The potential for this technology to solve unsolved crimes is great．” he said．

But Dr．Findlay, named scientist of the year in 1998 by the European Society of Human Genetics, said the new testing needed to be scientifically validated, which would take up to five years．

He said, “These are serious consequence taking on technology too early．The public has to be sure that they have the utmost confidence in the security and court systems．”

1．The main advantage of the new technology is that          ．

       A．a single cell can identify an individual

       B．it has brought down the cost of DNA testing

       C．a higher level of accuracy can be acquired with a single cell

       D．it needs less than 200 cells to gain a certain level of accuracy

2．The underlined word “validated” means “         ” ．

       A．confirmed               B．imagined                 C．supposed                D．criticized

3．According to Ian Findlay, the new technology can          ．

       A．help to keep DNA evidence fresh for decades and even centuries

       B．make the process of DNA testing much more simplified

       C．help to pick up DNA identities more easily

       D．be wildly used in five years at most

4．The last paragraph suggests that            ．

       A．the immediate adopting of the technology may cause mistakes

       B．the public have acknowledge the new testing technology

       C．it is safe to put the new technology into use now

       D．Dr. Findlay is quite sure of his new technology

5．The aim of the passage is to         ．

       A．praise Ian Findlay for his work

       B．report a piece of interesting news

       C．inform us of the wide use of DNA testing

       D．tell us a recent improvement in DNA testing