阅读理解

　　When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions (感知，认知):

　　

　　1) Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.

　　

　　2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准) to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

　　

　　3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus——“He's basically a good boy so that I was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information——“All kids (孩子) get into mischief (顽皮). Taking a look from the bookstore isn't such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information——“It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”……

　　

(1)The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.

[　　]

A．the abilities of one's auditory (听) and visual (视) sensors

B．cultural background and personal experiences

C．experiences one learns from others

D．critical measures taken by other people

(2)While observing a particular person ________.

[　　]

A．one is likely to take all aspects (方便) into consideration

B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages

C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D．one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for

(3)Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ________.

[　　]

A．their measuring yardsticks are not the same

B．either of them may be slow to catch information

C．the time for observation is not long enough

D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

(4)The word “stimulus” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.

[　　]

(5)The worst thing in selective perception is that ________.

[　　]

A．perceived information runs against your desire

B．facts can be totally ignored or distorted (扭曲)

C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估计过高)

D．the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

　When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions (感知，认知)：

　　(1)Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education, and personal experiences.

　　(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准) to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

　　(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of out own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus- “He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting. ”

　　We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information- “All kids (孩子) get into mischief (顽皮) . Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal. ” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information-”It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…

1.The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.

A．the abilities of one’s auditory (听) and visual (视) sensors

B．cultural background and personal experiences

C．experiences one learns from others

D．critical measures taken by other people

2.While observing a particular person, ______.

A．one is likely to take all aspects (方面) into consideration

B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages

C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D．one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for

3.Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ______.

A．their measuring yardsticks are not the same

B．either of them may be slow to catch information

C．the time for observation is not long enough

D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

4.The word “stimulus ” in paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A．something attractive	B．selective perception
C．contradictory information	D．shoplifting

 

阅读下列短文，并做每篇后面的题目，从四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions (感知，认知):

(1) Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.

(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准) to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus -He's basically a good boy so what I was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information  “All kids(孩子) get into mischief (顽皮). Taking a look from the bookstore isn't such a big deal. ” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information  “It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.” …

1．The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.

[　　]

A．the abilities of one's auditory (听) and visual (视) sensors

B．cultural background and personal experiences

C．experiences one learns from others

D．critical measures taken by other people

2．While observing a particular person ________.

[　　]

A．one is likely to take all aspects (方面) into consideration

B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages

C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D．one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for

3．Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ________.

[　　]

A．their measuring yardsticks are not the same

B．either of them may be slow to catch information

C．the time for observation is not long enough

D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

4．The word “stimulus” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.

[　　]

A．something attractive

B．selective perception

C．contradictory information

D．shoplifting

5．The worst thing in selective perception is that ________.

[　　]

A．pereived information runs against your desire

B．facts can be totally ignored or distorted (扭曲)

C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated(估计过高)

D．the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

阅读理解

　　When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions (感知，认知):

　　(1) Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.

　　(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准) to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.

　　(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus——“He's basically a good boy so that I was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information——“All kids (孩子) get into mischief (顽皮). Taking a look from the bookstore isn't such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information——“It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”……

1．The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.

[　　]

A．the abilities of one's auditory (听) and visual (视) sensors

B．cultural background and personal experiences

C．experiences one learns from others

D．critical measures taken by other people

2．While observing a particular person ________.

[　　]

A．one is likely to take all aspects (方便) into consideration

B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages

C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception

D．one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for

3．Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ________.

[　　]

A．their measuring yardsticks are not the same

B．either of them may be slow to catch information

C．the time for observation is not long enough

D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

4．The word “stimulus” in paragraph 4 refers to ________.

[　　]

5．The worst thing in selective perception is that ________.

[　　]

A．perceived information runs against your desire

B．facts can be totally ignored or distorted (扭曲)

C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估计过高)

D．the same information may not be dealt with in the same way