题目列表(包括答案和解析)
My father is a smart man. He spent many years of his life listening to people’s arguments, first as assistant district lawyer and then as a judge. My dad knows rubbish rhetoric when he hears it.
One of his favorite phrases is: “If you don’t have anything smart to say, then don’t say it at all.” Yet, for all of his legal training and life experience, he can’t help but keep talking about the Mega Millions jackpot.
We all know the odds(几率)of winning the jackpot this evening with one ticket are extraordinarily low ... 1 in 175, 711, 536, to be exact. Still, people go out and buy hundreds of tickets with the hopes of becoming wealthier beyond their dreams. Why? There are two possible explanations for this “irrationality”(不理智).
One idea is that the way we calculate odds in our heads has nothing to do with mathematical odds in the traditional sense. We don’t go to the mathematical odds table and say, “Well, this would be a terrible investment. I think I’m better off putting my money in the bank!” Rather, it has everything with the ability to picture an event happening.
My father, for instance, watches the news every night and sees people winning the lottery(彩票). Therefore, he thinks the chance of him winning the lottery is much higher than they actually are.
The second thought is that the expected effect of playing cannot be represented merely by the odds. My father and, I’m sure, others get a thrill from the mere idea of winning. He loves imagining what it would be like to actually win and losing doesn’t really affect him. Sure, he’s disappointed, but it’s “better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.” When you combine the utility of thinking you can win with the utility of actually winning (no matter how small the chance of that occurring), it’s worth it for many people to spend the one dollar on a ticket.
My analysis is that both factors are at play in taking a chance on the lottery. My father and others really do underestimate the odds of winning, but the thrill of participation is not denied by a realistic assessment of the odds. Still, I would probably put my finger on the scale for the first explanation.
All told, a review of the odds of other events happening confirms that there just aren’t many events that occur with less frequency than your winning the Mega Millions jackpot. Look at the graph below, you may understand some:
In many ways, it’s like the lottery, something that features often on television and about which people fantasize, but that rarely happens.
So, when you watch, along with my Pa, to see if your lucky number is drawn this evening, keep in mind three things: that your number almost certainly won’t come up; that you are still going to have fun; and that, finally, a lot of other things are more likely to happen—but getting eaten by a shark isn’t one of them.
【小题1】It can be learned from the article that ________.
A.the Mega Millions jackpot is the last lottery to win in the world |
B.a judge in that country can’t talk about lottery because it is illegal |
C.the writer doesn’t buy lottery, for he never hopes to become rich |
D.In spite of little possibility, a lot of people spend money on lottery |
A.show chances that those things take place are fewer |
B.support the writer’s arguments on the lottery tickets |
C.indicate no one can win the Mega Millions jackpot |
D.say shark attack death will seldom happen this year |
A.If one has mathematical odds, he can win the prize more easily. |
B.Only those who have irrationality buy hundreds of lottery tickets. |
C.The Mega Millions jackpot is very popular in the writer’s country. |
D.Winning lottery is a shortcut to achieve the dream of being rich. |
A.effective | B.ridiculous | C.contradictory | D.astonishing |
A.The Popular Mega Millions Jackpot | B.Lottery is Merely a Trick |
C.Mega Million is Like a Shark Attack | D.Be rich, Buy Lottery Soon |
The measure of a man’s character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.?
—Thomas Macaulay?
Some thirty years ago,I was studying in a public school in New York.One day,Mrs Nanette O’Neil gave an arithmetic ? 1 ? to our class.When the papers were2 ?she discovered that twelve boys had made the same mistakes throughout the test.
There is really nothing new about ? 3 ? in the exams.Perhaps that was why Mrs O’Neill ? 4 ? even say a word about it.She only asked the twelve boys to
5 ? after class.I was one of the twelve.?
Mrs O’Neill asked ? 6 ? questions,and she didn’t ? 7 ? us either.Macaulay,she wrote on the blackboard the ? 8 ? words by Thomas Macaulay.She then ordered us to ? 9 ? these words into our exercise?books one hundred times.?
I don’t ? 10 ?about the other eleven boys.Speaking for myself I can say:it was the most important single ? 11 ? of my life.Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulay’s words,they ? 12 ? seem to me the best yard?stick(准绳),because they give us a ? 13 ? to measure ourselves rather than others.?
? 14 ?of us are asked to make ? 15 ? decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle.But all of us are called ? 16 ? daily to make a great many personal decisions. ? 17 ? the wallet,found in the street,be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman?Should the ? 18 ? change received at the store be forgotten or ? 19 ?.Nobody will know except ? 20 ?.But you have to live with yourself,and it is always better to live with someone you respect.
1.A.test B.problem C.paper D.lesson?
2.A.examined B.completed C.marked D.answered?
3.A.lying B.cheating C.guessing D.discussing?
4 A.didn’t B.did C.would D.wouldn’t?
5.A.come B.leave C.remain D.apologize?
6.A.no B.certain C.many D.more?
7.A.excuse B.reject C.help D.scold?
8.A.above B.common C.following D.unusual?
9.A.repeat B.get C.put D.copy?
10.A.worry B.know C.hear D.talk?
11.A.chance B.incident C.lesson D.memory?
12.A.even B.still C.always D.almost?
13.A.way B.sentence C.choice D.reason?
14.A.All B.Few C.Some D.None?
15.A.quick B.wise C.great D.personal?
16.A.out B.for C.up D.upon?
17.A.Should B.Must C.Would D.Need?
18.A.extra B.small C.some D.necessary?
19.A.paid B.remembered C.shared D.returned?
20.A.me B.you C.us D.then?
She always wore a flower in her hair. Always, Mostly I thought it looked 1 . A flower to work? To my knowledge no one had questioned the young woman why a flower 2 her to work each day. In fact, we probably would have been more curious if she had 3 without it.
She did so one day 4 . She delivered a project to my office. “I 5 there is no flower in your hair today,” I said 6 . “I’m so used to seeing you wear one 7 it almost seems as if something is 8 .” “Oh, yes” she replied quietly, in a rather sad voice. This was far from her 9 bright personality, I knew I had questioned something 10 than a lost flower.
“Today is the anniversary(周年纪念)of mother’s death. I miss her so much I guess I’m a bit 11 . Oh, and about the flower you asked about. When I was a little girl, my mother 12 often put flowers in my hair. But when I was 15 she died of cancer, I’ve just always worn a flower in my hair 13 -it made me feel as though she were 14 me, if only in spirit. Today, however, I think she would like a 15 that I am becoming self-dependent, after ten years of her death. And it seems that it is the flower that has to 16 .”
She met my eyes then smiled sadly. “I don’t need to wear a flower to be 17 her. It was just an outward sign of my treasured 18 ---they’re still there even with the flower gone…Oh, here’s the 19 I hope it meets with your agreement.” She handed me the neatly prepared document, signed, with a hand–drawn 20 , below her name.
1.A.stupid B.childish C.strange D.rare
2.A.accompanied B.brought C.allowed D.encouraged
3.A.shown up B.made up C.done up D.dressed up
4.A.before B.after C.when D.until
5.A.sense B.discover C.doubt D.notice
6.A.casually B.firmly C.calmly D.worriedly
7.A.as B.that C.but D.and
8.A.missing B.going C.happening D.changing
9.A.normal B.general C.common D.usual
10.A.prettier B.better C.bigger D.earliter
11.A. grey B.yellow C.white D.blue
12.A.would B.should C.could D.must
13.A.too B.since C.then D.ever
14.A.upon B.for C.in D.with
15.A.word B.sign C.label D.model
16.A.melt B.die C.go D.pass
17.A.thought about B.reminded of C.remembered as D.cared for
18.A.impressions B.memories C.secrets D.emotions
19.A.story B.ending C.project D.outline
20.A.mark B.paint C.date D.flower
(08·湖南D篇)
Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture.Fans used to be crazy about a specific film,but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.Besides,fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces.As a result,celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential,
moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon,but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers,and limited to a few TV actresses.Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands.The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style.As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market,they expand their production scale rapidly,covering almost all the poducts of daily life.
However,for every success story,there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal.No matter how famous the product’s origin is,if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing.And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down,consumer interest might fade,loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today,celebrities face even more severe embarrassment.The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever,but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well.Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life,and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears.Still,the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is limitless.Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition,many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.As the saying goes,success and failure always go hand in hand.Their success as designers might last only a short time,but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.
69.Fashion magazines today .
A.seldom put models on the cover
B.no longer put models on the cover
C.need not worry about celebrities’market potential
D.judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly
70.A change in the consumer market can be found today that .
A.price rather than brand name is more concerned
B.producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements
C.producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements
D.quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned
71.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly .
A.decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products
B.damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public
C.cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business
D.influence the price of a celebrity’s products
72.The passage is mainly about .
A.celebrity and personal style
B.celebrity and market potential
C.celebrity and fashion design
D.celebrity and clothing industry
The Linguistic Habits of a New Generation
In the year of 1914 a young girl named Monica Baldwin entered a convent(女修道院),remaining there until 1941 when she returned to the outer world. During these twenty-eight years wars and revolutions had come and gone in Europe. Her uncle, Stanley Baldwin, had led his country for some time. Technical developments had changed the conditions of everyday life almost beyond recognitions, but all these events had left as a matter of fact untouched the small religious community to which she had belonged. In 1949 Miss Baldwin published her impressions of those bewildering(令人困惑的)years of her return to a world in which the motorcar had replaced the horse and carriage and where respectable women showed their legs and painted their faces.
Yet it was not only these odd sights that surprised her, for she was more puzzled by what she heard. During a railway journey the term “luggage in advance” meant nothing to her, so in desperation she asked the porter to do as he thought best. Reading the newspapers made her feel very stupid, because the writers of reviews and leading articles used words and phrases such as Jazz,
71.Miss Baldwin found the world totally changed because .
A.she had worked for a religious community for a long time
B.she had been cut off from the rest of the world for many years
C.the community where she lived had been in war for many years
D.there had been too many technical developments
72.During a railway journey Miss Baldwin .
A.found the porter’s words hard to understand
B.found her luggage too heavy to carry
C.did not know how to talk with the porter
D.had to ask the porter to look after her luggage
73.Young people like to use the latest slang because .
A.they feel it is easier to use
B.they believe it will soon become standard usage
C.they want to show they have caught up with the time
D.they find it more powerful in expressing feelings
74.Miss Baldwin’s experience shows us that .
A.the English language has not changed much
B.the English language has entirely changed
C.language doesn’t change at all in the religious world
D.language changes with the passage of time
75.By the time a man is forty, he will .
A.be speaking the same language as his parents do
B.have changed his way of speaking
C.not use the slang he liked to use when young
D.be using less new slang in speech and writing
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