用所给的单词或短语把下面句子翻译成汉语

这种变化对整个平原的野生动物链有很大的影响。(have an effect on)

第1—4题是四位人士针对“孩子玩电脑或电子游戏会影响他们的个性发展吗”的观点，从A-E中选出相应的陈述与之匹配，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
【小题1】. Parents need to watch the time their kids spend on computer or video games.
【小题2】. The effect of playing computer or video games on a child is different but it is there.
【小题3】. Computer or video games do affect children’s social development because they are not playing in reality.
【小题4】. If you have heard of online gaming, then you know video games can affect social development in a good way.

A．For a lot of children, computers and video games are just an escape from reality, taking them away from real life for a while, replacing a stressful or boring environment with sights and sounds kids could only imagine before. They have the ability of entertaining people’s minds while drawing in the whole attention away from real life. So the result will be like this: whenever a child can’t handle problems in real life, he might just turn to computer games.

B．Reading Tom Sawyer or Harry Porter is as personal an act as playing an online game or even more personal than playing an online or two-player game. I’ve rarely seen two people happily reading ONE book together. But when kids play online games they need to work together and it encourages the development of social skills.

C．Many results can occur from playing video games, from feeling abandoned and becoming addicted to getting better in touch with what other students are doing. The question here is whether or not video games affect a child’s development, not if it is good or bad. Anything that you interact with is going to have an effect on your development.

D．People blame the computer and videos, because it is an easy target to hit. If you really wanna look at people being lonely, look at the school system, where teachers could easily fix the problem by doing more group work with him/her choosing the students for the group. I mean, I could play outside by myself and still be lonely. There isn’t a difference.

E.  I do believe our children’s development is affected by computers and video game play if too much time is spent because that’s time that a child used to be playing outside with other children. I think that some computer work is good because it trains the brain in new patterns, but time on the computer need to be limited and playing outside should be encouraged.