题目列表(包括答案和解析)
The name “cowboy” conjures up many different images from movies, songs and TV. These imagined cowboys range from white-hat-wearing heroes to gun-shooting hooligans(流氓).But, cowboys are actually real people from US history.
When the US Civil War ended, many soldiers had no place to call home. So, they began to drift to the country’s rural West. Ranchers(农场主) hired these men to take care of the cattle and work around the ranch. When the ranch owner wanted to sell the cattle, the cowboys would round up the herd from the open prairie(牧场) and drive the cattle miles to the market.
With the invention of barbed wire(铁丝网),the cowboy era(1865-1890) began to come to an end. But people in the East had always been curious about their lifestyle. Many country/western songs during this time tried to capture the true cowboy spirit. Newspapers published cowboy tales in serial form and adventure novels followed. The bigger the fiction, the better the sales. These novels often portrayed cowboys as cruel and violent men. Cowboys carried the bad reputation for many years afterwards.
When movies began to be popular in the 1920s, the cowboy image changed again. Now, a cowboy became the great white knight(骑士) that loved his horse more than the beautiful ladies he rescued. As the cowboy of the “Old West” spent more time with his horse than the ladies, this era's image was not entirely false.
Then, in the 50s,Hollywood began producing so-called “spaghetti westerns(意大利西部片)”.They earned the nickname because Italian companies financed the films and TV shows. This started the decade’s “Cowboy Craze”. While this didn’t last long, it made modern country / western music, fashion and dance extremely popular.
In recent years, with the help of musicians, radio stations and bars, cowboy nostalgia(怀旧情绪) has returned. Even though his image is still changing — somewhere between ballad singing country boy and bar room fighter — there’s one thing for sure, you can’t keep the cowboy down.
1.The purpose of this story is to ______.
A．introduce cowboy movies and novels
B．introduce various productions associated with cowboys
C．show the cowboy's everlasting charm
D．inform us about the cowboy’s spirit
2.Before they became cowboys, they ______.
A．served in the army B．worked as bar-room fighters
C．owned ranches D．were adventurous explorers
3.During “the cowboy era” mentioned in the story, ______________.
A．the cowboy often came to the rescue of ladies in newspaper tales
B．the distant Wild West appealed to people in the East
C．cowboys were shown as cruel and violent men on the silver screen
D．country music started the cowboy craze which swept the whole country
4.By saying “you can’t keep the cowboy down”, the writer means that ______.
A．cowboys are real people in history B．cowboys still fascinate people
C．you can't make cowboys unhappy D．you can’t grasp the cowboy spirit
5.Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?
A．The cowboy has been presented in different lights in different eras.
B．Cowboys are gun-shooting hooligans, without doubt.
C．Cowboys have always been a passing phenomenon.
D．Cowboys enjoy Italian foods, for example, spaghetti.
Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environment．For example, the end of the last Ice Age, beginning about 15,000 years ago, brought a big challenge to which humans had to adapt．Before this time, large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth' s water．In North America, large animals that wandered the vast tundra （冰原） provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters．When the earth became warm, large Ice Age animals disappeared, and many land areas were covered by rising sea levels from melting ice．But people survived, they developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species． Finally some people settled into permanent villages, durable houses and farms．
Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet． Through history, major developments in technology, medicine, and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever-increasing numbers．The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today．
However, the successes of culture adaptation can also create problems in the long run．Over the last 200 years, people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes．The global population now consumes some important natural resources—such as petroleum, wood, and minerals—faster than nature can produce them．Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes, people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways．Thus, the adaptive success of the present-day global culture of production and trade may be temporary．
1.What is the first paragraph mainly talking about?
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A．How the human beings survived in the Ice Age． |
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B．What the situation was like during the Ice Age． |
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C．What caused the Ice Age to come to an end． |
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D．Why the Ice Age was very important． |
2.To deal with the problems, human beings should ______according to the passage．
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A．stop developing any longer |
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B．reduce the overuse of natural resources |
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C．stop the global warming and using natural resources |
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D．save more animals in case they all die out |
3.Which of the following is the problem caused by cultural adaptation according to the passage?
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A．A very developed culture came into being． |
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B．New technologies have been developed． |
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C．Natural resources have been used up． |
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D．Human activities have done damage to the balance of nature． |
4.Which of the following can be the best tide of the passage?
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A．Natural Environment Should Be Protected． |
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B．The Success of Cultural Adaptation Is Not Permanent． |
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C．The Global Population Is Increasing Since Ice Age． |
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D．Human Beings Are Capable of Surviving on Earth. |
A 25-five-year student from Hubei was admitted into Tsinghua University, China’ most famous university, after an eight-year ___21___．Li Jun comes from a small village of Hubei Province．He first ____22____ going to college in year 2000 ___23__he was admitted by a local school after __24___ from a secondary technical school at 17．As a ___25___ art student, he passed the exam again the next year but __26_____ school due to economic pressure in September 2002．Life seemed ___27___ but Li didn’t give in．He earned a _28_____ by working part-time in Wuhan’s art rooms and tutoring students．But he never lost sight of his lifelong dream of __29___ the Academy of Arts & Design of Tsinghua University．Li __30____ the college entrance examination for five continuous years from 2003．____31___, he missed making the cut one mark last year．
In 2008, his fifth try, Li’s efforts ___32_____．He finished the qualifying exam in his province and was finally admitted as a sculpture major in Tsinghua University．Every year, Li took art __33___ in Beijing and took exams from December to March．He then took cultural courses in his school till June．The rest of the year he spent on __34____ work．Li said he hadn’t ____35___any money from his family since he graduated from the technical secondary school．Li said the reason he maintained for eight years was that he wanted to change his __36_____ through knowledge．
_____37___ by his contribution, Li Jun’s university __38____ him 9,000 yuan out of his tution fees of 11,450 yuan．An eight-year struggle may have come to an end for Li Jun, but a new ___39__ has now begun．Li said he would not worry about repaying loans at present．He wants to study well and __40___ more scholarships．
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完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分, 满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My first full time job after high school was selling vacation packages via telephone for a well-known company. One day, the dialer ____36____ me to a man who answered the phone and ____37_____ a bit out of breath. I started with my normal pitch（推销）, and _____38____ to hear the normal, "I don't want any," and be hung up on.
Instead he spoke in a low, weak voice and told me how he wished he could take a ____39_____ like the one I was offering, but couldn't ____40_____ he was dying of emphysema (肺气肿). He ____41_____ how he was on oxygen, and it took almost all his ____42_____ just to get to the phone to answer the call. I ____43_____, and my heart fell into my stomach. He asked me if I smoked, which I did, and then begged me to stop. He told me smoking is ____44_____ was killing him, and how horrible it was. He told me to ____45_____ every day with my loved ones, and tell them all the time how much I love them. At this ____46_____, I was in tears, and couldn't control myself, and he could tell.
After a few moments, I decided to write down his name and ____47_____, and just send him a card telling him that I ____48_____ his advice and that I would pray for him and his family. Shortly after, I received a nice letter back from Frank, along with a picture of him and his wife. We continued to write back and forth over the next few months or so, and became very ____49_____ of each other. He was old enough to be my grandfather, and in many ways, I felt ____50_____ he was.
It was about a year later I received a letter from his wife, and when I started to read it, my eyes were filled with tears. She told me how Frank's ____51_____ with the disease had finally come to an end, and he ____52_____ shortly before Christmas. She wanted to thank me for the letters I had written to Frank, and then explained how Frank touched many lives over the years. At his ____53_____, to show just that, they read the 1st letter I had written to Frank to show how he ____54_____ a 19 year old he had ____55_____ even met.
I will never forget how much that meant to me.
36. A. took B. connected C. accompanied D. led
37. A. felt B. looked C. sounded D. proved
38. A. expecting B. wondering C. considering D. worrying
39. A. break B. rest C. change D. vacation
40. A. because B. though C. while D. before
41. A. described B. exposed C. explained D. expressed
42. A. power B. energy C. strength D. force
43. A. apologized B. excused C. pardoned D. forgave
44. A. that B. what C. which D. how
45. A. take B. cost C. pay D. spend
46. A. point B. case C. way D. situation
47. A. number B. hobby C. address D. whish
48. A. agreed B. appreciated C. followed D. approved
49. A. interested B. content C. fond D. curious
50. A. if only B. even if C. only if D. as if
51. A. battle B. strike C. defense D. working
52. A. gave away B. turned away C. took away D. passed away
53. A. birthday B. funeral C. ceremony D. performance
54. A. changed B. improved C. affected D. promoted
55. A. always B. seldom C. ever D. never
Nowadays people are troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of violence as entertainment.
Viewing large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality（因果关系）. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies… point to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”
Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.
The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read “aggressive” or “non-aggressive” words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intention of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.
Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.
Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?
A. Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.
B. Something has gone wrong with today’s society
C. Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.
D. There is a lot of violence in the real world today.
What is the skeptics’ view of media violence?
A. Violence on television is fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.
B. Most studies exaggerate (夸大) the effect of media violence on the viewers.
C. A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.
D. The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.
The author uses the term “alarmists” to refer to those who _________.
A. use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence
B. initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality
C. insist on a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior
D. use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior
The underlined phrase “weeded out” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________.
A. got rid of things that are not good B. removed unwanted parts from something
C. picked out things that are useful D. took away unnecessary details of a report
What does the writer think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence?
A. He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.
B. It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.
C. The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.
D. More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.
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