Parents need to be good role models to help their children make sensible financial decisions, according to Adam Hancock and hs team, from East Caronlina University in the US. Their work highlights that parents who argue about finances contribute to increasing credit card debt among their children during their students years. Their work is published online in Springer's Journal of Family and Economic Issues.

   Credit card debt among college students has been a growing concern for researchers and policymakers over the last decade. In addition, there is growing concern among educators that more students are dropping out of school, not because of academic failure, but because of financial reasons, and credit card especially. Hancock and colleagues' study is the first to examine how parental interactions, and financial knowledge and attitudes may have a cumulative effect（累积效应）on the number of credit cards students own and their level of credit card debt.

   The researchers analyzed data for 420 undergraduate students from seven different American universities, who took part in the College Student Financial Literacy Survey. According to the online survey, nearly two-thirds of students had a credit card, and nearly a third had more than one. Those students who reported that their parents argued about finances were more likely to have more than two cards than the students whose parents who did not argue about finances.

In terms of debt, those students who had two or more credit cards were nearly three times more likely to report having credit card debt over ＄500.

The researchers conclude, "It is clear that the influence of parents cannot be neglected. Researchers, educators and policymakers should work in finding effective ways to increase the positive financial behaviors fo college students. We need to help students learn financial skills and establish healthy financial attitudes at earlier ages to prevent poor financial habits from taking root."

31. In Adam Hancock's research, student's credit card debt is related to their _________.

   A.knowledge            B.concerns           C.school            D.parents

32. When college students have credit card debt, they may ________.

   A.quit school                                B.fail in their exams  

   C.study financial knowledge                    D.have more credit cards

33. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

   A. More than 400 students i a university took the survey.

   B. The survey was conducted with the paper questionnaire.

   C. Nearly all the students in this survey have credit cards.

   D. Students have fewer cards if their parents argue more.

34. If you have two or more credit cards, you are more likely to ________.

   A.get wealthy           B.have argument       C.buy more things   D.become in debt

35. As a student, what can yo learn from the passage?

   A. We need to turn to our parents when we have credit card debt.

   B. We should build correct financial attitudes when we are young.

   C. We shouldn't have credit cards so that we can avoid argument.

   D. We can have more credit cards to make life more comfortable.

                                      

Japanese students work very hard but many are unhappy, They feel heavy pressures from their parents to do well in school, Most students are always being told by their parents to study harder so that they can have a wonderful life, Though this may be good ideas for those very bright students, it can have very bad results for many students who are not quick enough at learning

Unfortunately, a number of students killed themselves, Others are after comfort in using druges, Some do bad things with trouble-makers and turn to crime, Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have disappointed their parents, Such students feel that they are les important and leave school before they have finished their study.

It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children , they do not help them in any way, Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and that it is the teachers’work to help their children, To make matters worse, a lot of parents send their children to special schools called juku-cram schools, These schools are open during the evening and on weekeds , and their only purpose is to prepare students to apss exams; they do not try to educate students in  any real sense of the real world, It thus comes as a shock to realize that almost three quarters of the junior or hight school population attend these cram schools,

Ordinary Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students’ hair to their clothes and things in their school bags. Child psychologists now think that such strick rules often lead to a feeling of being unsafe and being unable to fit into society, They regard the rules as being harmful to the development of each student, They believe that no sense of moral values is developed and that students are given neither guidance nor training in becoming good citizens

67. A lot of Japaness students are unhappy at school because_____________

A they work very hard    B they find they can’t do well at school

C they feel unimportant   D they are under too much prssure

68. Because fo their failure at school, some students take drugs to__________

A kill themselves    B seek comfort

C disappoint their parents   D make trouble

69.What should be the best title of passage?

A Students’ Pressure    B Students’ Problems

C The Negative Impact(影响) of Japanese Education

D The Trouble in Japanese schools

70.In juku-cram schools students____________

A are taken good care of by the teachers   B. feel no pressure

C are trained to pass exams   D can learn a lot of useful things

71.In ordinary Japanese schools, _________

A there are strict rules    B, students feel safe

C students can do anything  D learning is not important

They leap from helicopters or speeding boats, bringing aid to swimmers who get into trouble off Italy’s popular beaches.
For these dog lifeguards, the doggie paddle （狗刨式游法）does just fine.
These “lifedogs” tow a buoy(救生衣) that victims can grab, or a raft they can sit on to be towed back to shore, and unlike their human counterparts(与对方地位相当的人), they can easily jump from helicopters and speeding boats to reach swimmers in trouble.
With millions flocking(人群) to Italy’s crowded beaches each summer, the Italian Coast Guard says it rescues about 3,000 people every year — and their dog helpers are credited with saving several lives.
It takes three years for the canines to reach expert rescue status, and currently 300 dogs are fully trained for duty, said Roberto Gasbarri, who co-ordinates the Italian School of Canine Lifeguards program at a centre outside of Rome in the seaside town of Civitavecchia.
“Dogs are useful in containing the physical fatigue（疲劳） of the lifeguard, to increase the speed at which casualties（遇难者） are retrieved（找到并衔回）, to increase the security of both the casualty and of the lifeguard,” Gasbarri said.
The Civitavecchia centre is one of a dozen around the country for the school founded more than 20 years ago in the northern province of Bergamo by Ferruccio Pilenga, whose first trainee was his own Newfoundland.
The school will train any breed（品种）, as long as they weigh at least 30 kilograms, but Labradors, Newfoundlands and golden retrievers are most commonly used because of their natural instinct for swimming. Each dog works in tandem with（同 ……合作） a human lifeguard, who also acts as the animal’s trainer.
【小题1】Which of the following can act as the best title fo the passage?

A．Dogs to the Rescue	B．Dogs Are Good at Doggie Paddle
C．The Wonderful Performance of Dogs	D．Dogs: Our Loyal Friends

【小题2】What advantage do these life-dogs have over human lifeguards in a rescue?

A．Dog can swim very fast	B．Dogs can finish rescue work with ease.
C．Dogs can finish the great work free of charge.	D．Dogs can easily be trained

【小题3】 Which of the following is TRUE about the Civitavecchia center according to the text?

A．Any breed can be trained there.

B．The ones who have the gift for swimming are welcomed.

C．After a better training, the dogs can work alone.

D．It is the only place for training dog lifeguards in the school.

【小题4】What does the writer want to tell us in the 4^th paragraph?

A．Without the dog lifeguards, 3,000 people would lose their lives every year.

B．The buautiful beaches attract millions of people every year.

C．Dog lifeguards play an important part in a rescue.

D．Italy is a famous place of interest.

   At a certain time in our lives we consider every place as the possible sites(地点) for a house. I have thus searched the country within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms, one after another, and I knew their prices.

   The nearest thing that I came to actual ownership was when I bought the Hollowell place. But before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. However, I let him keep the additional dollars and sold him the farm for just what I gave for it.

   The real attractiong of the Hollowell farm to me were its position, being about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, bounded(相邻) on one side by the river, and separated from the highway by a wide field. The poor condition fo the house and fences showed that it hadn’t been used for some time. I remembered from my earliest trip up the river that the house used to be hidden behind a forest area, and I was in a hurry to buy it before the owner finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the apples trees, and clearing away some young trees which had grown up in the fields. I wanted to buy it before he made any more of his improvements. But it turned out as I have said.

   I was not really troubled by the loss. I had always had a garden, but I don’t thing I was ready for a large farm. I believe that as long as possible it is better to live free and uncommitted (无牵挂的). It makes but little difference whether you own a farm or not.

What do we know about the author?

   A. He wanted to buy the oldest farm near where he lived.

   B. He made a study of many farms before buying.

   C. He made money by buying and selling farms.

   D. He had the money to buy the best farm in the country.

Why did the author decide to buy the Hollowell place?

   A. It was of good market value.

   B. It was next to the highway.

   C. It was in a good position.

   D. It was behind a nice garden.

Why did the author want to buy the farm in a hurry?

   A. He was afraid the owner might changes his mind.

   B. He hoped to enlarge the forest on the farm.

   C. He wanted to keep the farm as it was.

   D. He was eager to become a farm owner.

The underlined words “the loss” in the last paragraph refer to ___.

A. the money the author lost in buying the farm

B. the sale of the garden in the Hollowell place

C. the removal of the trees around the house

D. the failure to possess the Hollowell place

What does the author believe as important in life?

A. To own a farm                    B. To satisfy his needs

C. To be free from worries             D. To live in the countryside

They leap from helicopters or speeding boats, bringing aid to swimmers who get into trouble off Italy’s popular beaches.

For these dog lifeguards, the doggie paddle （狗刨式游法）does just fine.

These “lifedogs” tow a buoy(救生衣) that victims can grab, or a raft they can sit on to be towed back to shore, and unlike their human counterparts(与对方地位相当的人), they can easily jump from helicopters and speeding boats to reach swimmers in trouble.

With millions flocking(人群) to Italy’s crowded beaches each summer, the Italian Coast Guard says it rescues about 3,000 people every year — and their dog helpers are credited with saving several lives.

It takes three years for the canines to reach expert rescue status, and currently 300 dogs are fully trained for duty, said Roberto Gasbarri, who co-ordinates the Italian School of Canine Lifeguards program at a centre outside of Rome in the seaside town of Civitavecchia.

“Dogs are useful in containing the physical fatigue（疲劳） of the lifeguard, to increase the speed at which casualties（遇难者） are retrieved（找到并衔回）, to increase the security of both the casualty and of the lifeguard,” Gasbarri said.

The Civitavecchia centre is one of a dozen around the country for the school founded more than 20 years ago in the northern province of Bergamo by Ferruccio Pilenga, whose first trainee was his own Newfoundland.

The school will train any breed（品种）, as long as they weigh at least 30 kilograms, but Labradors, Newfoundlands and golden retrievers are most commonly used because of their natural instinct for swimming. Each dog works in tandem with（同 ……合作） a human lifeguard, who also acts as the animal’s trainer.

Which of the following can act as the best title fo the passage?

  A. Dogs to the Rescue                B. Dogs Are Good at Doggie Paddle

  C. The Wonderful Performance of Dogs  D. Dogs: Our Loyal Friends

What advantage do these life-dogs have over human lifeguards in a rescue?

  A. Dog can swim very fast                      B. Dogs can finish rescue work with ease.

  C. Dogs can finish the great work free of charge.    D. Dogs can easily be trained

Which of the following is TRUE about the Civitavecchia center according to the text?

A. Any breed can be trained there.

  B. The ones who have the gift for swimming are welcomed.

  C. After a better training, the dogs can work alone.

  D. It is the only place for training dog lifeguards in the school.

What does the writer want to tell us in the 4^th paragraph?

  A. Without the dog lifeguards, 3,000 people would lose their lives every year.

  B. The buautiful beaches attract millions of people every year.

  C. Dog lifeguards play an important part in a rescue.

  D. Italy is a famous place of interest.