根据短文内容，从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。

A. Be well- organised.                  B. Close with a Q & A. C. Don’t be contradictory.               D. Bring it to a specific end E. Speak slowly and pause.              F. Drop unnecessary words

Speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task—especially when the speaker is confusing. Don’t want to confuse your audience? Follow these suggestions:

51.            

When it comes to understanding new information, the human brain needs a little time. First, we hear the words; then, we compare the new information to what we already know. If the two are different, we need to pause and think. But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us. Slow it down. And breathe.

52. .                

Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. When you confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.

53. .                 

Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (责任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation. And it’s confusing for them to listen, reorganise, and figure out what you’re saying all at once. But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily. You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organise. 

54.  .               

Repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can’t pay attention. Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. Was anybody grasping the intended message? Um, probably not.

55. .               

Many speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (Q & A) sessions, but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end. The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave. Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions, and close your speech with a specific signal—even if it’s something simple like, “If you have any more questions, you know where to reach me.”Or even more to the point, conclude your speech with “Thanks for your time. ”

 

LEEDS, England-A Leeds University psychology（心理学）professor is teaching a course to help dozens of people forgive（stop being angry with）their enemies.

“The hatred (憎恨) we hold within us is a cancer,”Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.

More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.

These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.

The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.（= two weeks）

The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people.“People have lots of negative（消极的）attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said.“People confuse（把……混同）forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one ”.

Hart and his team have made instructions to provide the training needed.

“The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes toward the person you are angry with,”said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project, Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people“want to get free of the past”.

         59. From this passage we know that       .

    A. high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred

         B. high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors

         C. without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart

         D. people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies

         60.If you are angry with somebody, you should     .

        A. try your best to defeat him or her

         B. never meet him or her again

         C. persuade him or her to have a talk with you

         D. relax yourself by not thinking of him or her any more

61.In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can      .

        A. meet their enemies                       B. change their minds

         C. enjoy the professor’s speech        D. learn how to quarrel with others

62. If you are a member in Hart’s workshop, you’ll       .

       A. pay much money to Hart           B. go to the workshop every night

         C. attend a gathering twice a month                     D. pour out everything stored in your mind

The purpose of this book is to help business professionals or students prepare for an assignment in Germany. We surfed the web, looked through the literature and talked to a number of foreign professionals working in Germany. After lots of brainstorming, we developed a list of practical rules to help business professionals negotiate at a business meeting. Our advice is also designed to help you avoid uncomfortable situations and handle predictable and unpredictable situations at all social levels in German business. Correct conduct with German colleagues and customers, how to master negotiations, the correct tone in e-mails and letters and table manners are just some of the topics that can prepare you for a successful trip to Germany.

   This book is divided into three sections. The first section contains ten main behavior tips. The second section will provide you with a few guidelines on applying for a job in Germany, and the last few chapters contain tips on the more confusing aspects of German business culture, such as carrying out negotiations, networking and dealing with conflicts.

   Because these tips can be helpful for both Germans and foreigners, we have written the book in both German and English. As a foreigner, you should take advantage of the dual(双重的) language aspect of the book, and refer to the dictionary to help you understand key terms. Finally, remember that cultural differences might seem difficult at first, but they are also what attract us to foreign cultures and essentially make doing business in foreign countries challenging and interesting.

If you have an argument with a German while doing business and want to solve the problem, which part of the book will you read? ______

A. Section 1.    B. Section 2.       C. Section 3.       D. The introduction.

Who would most likely buy this book?  _______  

A. Foreigners who study Germany.

B. Business professionals working in England.

C. Englishmen who travel in Germany.    

D. Business professionals working in Germany.

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?    

A. To do business in Germany, correct behaviors with colleagues and customers are very important.

B. To find a job in a German company, you need to understand the German business culture.

C. The book mainly provides guidelines to help you handle only predictable situations.

D. Carrying out negotiations, networking and dealing with conflicts are useful when doing business in Germany.

What do you think makes the author write the book in both German and English?   ______

A. The author wants to help the business professionals or students in Germany.

B. Cultural differences are reflected in language differences.

C. German is so difficult that it may confuse foreigners.    

D. The book is useful for both Germans and foreigners.

From this passage, we can learn that _________.   

A. the author thinks it’s easy to do business with Germans

B. the author puts forward some suggestions in the book

C. this book is good because it applies many theories    

D. this book has predicted all possible situations

Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affect sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.

Decibels（分贝）measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.

Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.

A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that loud noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected.

Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.

Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

1.According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

A. The man-made noises.

B. The noises made by themselves.

C. The sound of earthquakes.

D. The sound of the ice-breaking.

2.As to the influence of noises on whales, which of the following statements is true?

A. They are deaf to noises.

B. Noises at a certain level may hurt them.

C. They are easily confused by noises.

D. Noises will limit their ability to reproduce.

3. We can know from the passage that many scientists think that the noise limit of one hundred twenty decibels would______.

A. prevent them from doing their research work

B. benefit them a lot in their research work

C. do good to their health

D. increase the industrial output

4.According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

A. They will try their best to decrease noise.

B. They will work hard to cut down noise pollution.

C. They will study the effect of different noises.

D. They will protect animals from harmful noises.

 

 

1.  shade      A. behave          B. shadow        C. considerate     D. battle

2.  crowd      A. slow           B. window        C. allow           D. row

3.  actor      A. worth        B. therefore      C. export           D. doctor

4.  reduce     A. chemical       B. regret       C. generation       D. intend

5.  nutrition  A. struggle       B. support        C. summary        D. confuse