B
Every year 2. 2 million tons of oil are put into the ocean and this oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills(溢出) in history were caused by oil tankers(油轮) running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean.
After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future.
One of the worst oil spills in history happened along the Alaskan（阿拉斯加） coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to the third mate. The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the rock, the ship leaked(泄漏) oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 others died when the oil covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals.
The most oil ever spilled was in 1990. As part of the Iraq war plan, 900,000 tons of oil were let out into the Persian(波斯的) Gulf by Iraq. The oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil on the water was 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to（肯定会） cause problems far into the future.
45. Oil spills have terrible effect on________.
A. ocean life                                             B. the coastline
C. both ocean life and the coastline             D. the bottom of the ocean
46. Why did the third mate run the tanker aground(搁浅地) in this accident?
A. He was tired.                                        B. He did not know the area well.
C. He was drunk.                                      D. He was talking on the phone.
47. According to the writer, ________.
A. the accident along the Alaskan coastline was the worst oil spill in history
B. Iraq poured oil into the the Persian Gulf on purpose
C. the effects of Iraq’s act in the Persian Gulf War have been seen fully
D. oil put into the sea by Iraq in the war was the worst accident in history
48. Which of the following is the best title for this text?
A. The Worst Oil Spill                               B. Pollution
C. The Persian Gulf War                                   D. Oil Spill

B

Every year 2. 2 million tons of oil are put into the ocean and this oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills(溢出) in history were caused by oil tankers(油轮) running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean.

After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future.

One of the worst oil spills in history happened along the Alaskan（阿拉斯加） coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to the third mate. The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the rock, the ship leaked(泄漏) oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 others died when the oil covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals.

The most oil ever spilled was in 1990. As part of the Iraq war plan, 900,000 tons of oil were let out into the Persian(波斯的) Gulf by Iraq. The oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil on the water was 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to（肯定会） cause problems far into the future.

45. Oil spills have terrible effect on________.

A. ocean life                                             B. the coastline

C. both ocean life and the coastline             D. the bottom of the ocean

46. Why did the third mate run the tanker aground(搁浅地) in this accident?

A. He was tired.                                        B. He did not know the area well.

C. He was drunk.                                      D. He was talking on the phone.

47. According to the writer, ________.

A. the accident along the Alaskan coastline was the worst oil spill in history

B. Iraq poured oil into the the Persian Gulf on purpose

C. the effects of Iraq’s act in the Persian Gulf War have been seen fully

D. oil put into the sea by Iraq in the war was the worst accident in history

48. Which of the following is the best title for this text?

A. The Worst Oil Spill                               B. Pollution

C. The Persian Gulf War                                   D. Oil Spill

One day, a woman told him a strange story. Her husband had died 5 years before, and grave had been built for him. The grave was built like this: on the huge stone base was a big stone ball, in the front of which a cross was cut. The ball would move in winter and the cross in the stone ball could hardly be seen.

Conan Doyle decided to see how matters stood with the woman. The grave was just like what the woman had told him. And nobody could move the stone ball, which was put in a very shallow(浅的)hole in the stone base to roll(滚)off. There was water in the hole, too. He thought for a minute and then said to the woman,“The problem is easy to explain. It’s very cold and often rains or snows here. So there is always water in the hole. The water turns into ice at night. During the day, the southern part of the ice in the hole turns into water again while the northern part of it still remains ice, so the stone ball leans(倾斜)southward little by little and the cross in the stone ball moves downwards with the ball.”

1.Which of the following can take the place of the word “grave”?

A. box　　　　    B.tomb 　　　　 C.bed　　　　　　 D.hall

2.Why did the woman have her husband’s grave built like that?

A. Conan Doyle told her to do so.

B.Holmes told her to do so.

C.Her husband told her to do so before he died.

D.The story didn’t tell us the reason.

3.From the story we can see that Conan Doyle was a man.

A.who was always ready to help others

B.who wrote a lot of funny stories

C.who was careful and thoughtful

D.who always explained funny problems

4.On hearing what Conan Doyle had said, perhaps the woman would.

A. think what Conan Doyle said was reasonable

B.feel that she might be fooled by him

C.feel that she was too silly to explain it

D.think what Conan Doyle said was without reason

5.From the following cutaway views(剖视图)choose the correct one which shows the positional relation between the stone base and the stone ball.

(sl=stone ball  se=stone base)

?

Conan Doyle became famous for writing stories about Detective Holmes. So he was often asked to settle puzzling problems.

One day, a woman told him a strange story. Her husband had died 5 years before, and grave had been built for him. The grave was built like this: on the huge stone base was a big stone ball, in the front of which a cross was cut. The ball would move in winter and the cross in the stone ball could hardly be seen.

Conan Doyle decided to see how matters stood with the woman. The grave was just like what the woman had told him. And nobody could move the stone ball, which was put in a very shallow(浅的)hole in the stone base to roll(滚)off. There was water in the hole, too. He thought for a minute and then said to the woman,“The problem is easy to explain. It’s very cold and often rains or snows here. So there is always water in the hole. The water turns into ice at night. During the day, the southern part of the ice in the hole turns into water again while the northern part of it still remains ice, so the stone ball leans(倾斜)southward little by little and the cross in the stone ball moves downwards with the ball.”

1.Which of the following can take the place of the word “grave”?

A. box　　　　    B.tomb 　　　　 C.bed　　　　　　 D.hall

2.Why did the woman have her husband’s grave built like that?

A. Conan Doyle told her to do so.

B.Holmes told her to do so.

C.Her husband told her to do so before he died.

D.The story didn’t tell us the reason.

3.From the story we can see that Conan Doyle was a man.

A.who was always ready to help others

B.who wrote a lot of funny stories

C.who was careful and thoughtful

D.who always explained funny problems

4.On hearing what Conan Doyle had said, perhaps the woman would.

A. think what Conan Doyle said was reasonable

B.feel that she might be fooled by him

C.feel that she was too silly to explain it

D.think what Conan Doyle said was without reason

5.From the following cutaway views(剖视图)choose the correct one which shows the positional relation between the stone base and the stone ball.

(sl=stone ball  se=stone base)

?

Everyone makes mistakes in life, but for whales and dolphins, the “mistake” of landing on the shore costs the highest price---their lives.

People living along the coast of Australia and New Zealand have been shocked and saddened by the number of whales and dolphins that they have found on their beaches recently. Since November 28^th, 96 whales and dolphins have died in Australia and 53 whales died in New Zealand. Although 20 whales were saved, some of these were not expected to live, as they were too weak to swim with the others back to sea.

Bob Brown, leader of Australia’s Green party, said the mass beaching was caused by the recent “sound bombing” of the ocean floor between the two countries. This is a method of testing for oil and gas reserves (储藏量).

But mass beaching of whales has long puzzled scientists. Typically most members of the stranded (搁浅) group will appear to be perfectly healthy. “Some researchers believe that close relationship within the group causes the problem, if one gets into trouble, the others will not leave” said Shery Gibney, a leading biologist in New Zealand. “Some will come in and try and assist it; if they get trapped on the beach, then more will come.”

Another common theory is that the whales’ navigation (导航) system are thought to break down in some way. It has been said that whales follow electromagnetic (电磁的) patterns in the sea-bed. The whales can get confused because these patterns sometimes change. That would be a bit like a new roundabout (环状交叉路) being built on a road you were used to driving on. You might be confused for a minute when you come to it for the first time, and you might even take a wrong turning before getting back on your route.

A different idea is that when whales chase fish for food they end up in shallow waters because they are not paying attention to where they are going.

And yet, from time to time a group will swim on purpose into shallow waters and end up on the beach, where they die. If returned to the sea, some whales often show great determination in restraining themselves.

________ whales and dolphins would probably die in this mass beaching along the coast of Australia and New Zealand.

A. Less than 100      B. Less than 150     C. More than 150      D. 149

Which of the following can be used to explain the term “sound bombing”?

A. The terrible sound that is caused in the war between two countries.

B. Human activities that aim to explore the ocean floor.

C. The loud sound that whales and dolphins make.

D. The earthquakes that happen on the ocean floor.

Which of the following couldn’t probably lead to the mass beaching of whales?

A. A change in the electromagnetic patterns that whales follow.

B. New roundabout being built on a road.

C. Their full attention to the search for food.

D. Exploiting natural resources in oceans.

The passage is mainly about _______.

A. that whales and dolphins may make mistakes as well as human beings

B. how scientists have found the reasons for the mass beaching of whales

C. how human beings make use of the ocean resources

D. why the mass beaching of whales happens