55% of deaths caused by road accidents occur in the first few minutes after a crash. Up to 85% of these deaths could be prevented if first aid were given. The first person on the scene of a road accident will almost certainly be another road user. So as a driver your knowledge of first aid could make a real difference to someone in the event of a road accident.

Assess conditions

·Remain calm. Judge the scene and seriousness of the collision.

·Determine what has happened, how many people and vehicles are involved and the exact location.

·Determine how many casualties(伤亡人数) there are, what is the severity of the injuries, whether anyone is trapped, and whether there is a danger of fire.

Make safe

·Make sure you stay safe and keep off the road. If you need to stop or warn approaching cars, signal to them from the pavement. Wear reflective clothing, use warning triangles, flashing lights and warning lights. Don’t smoke.

·If you are in a car and you come across an accident, first park safely and turn off the engine before you get out to help. Use a triangle warning danger if necessary.

·Consider the safety of others. Don’t move the vehicles, look out for dangers — leaking fuel, chemicals, broken glass or dropping loads — guide uninjured passengers to a place of safety.

Call for help

Dial 999 (or 112) for the emergency services. If there is no phone nearby, send two people in opposite directions to seek help.

Do this as soon as you can or get someone else to do it while you deal with an injured person. You will need to tell the emergency services:

·where you are

·what has happened (describe the accident)

·how many people are injured

·whether they are breathing or bleeding.

The operator will talk you through what to do while you wait for an ambulance to arrive.

Apply emergency first aid

·Remain calm. Reassure the victims.

·Do not allow smoking or offer food or drink to casualties as this could hamper urgent medical treatment.

1.The passage mainly tells us ______.

A. how to reduce road accident deaths

B. how to perform first aid in a road accident

C. how to treat the injured people on the scene

D. how to protect us from being injured in an accident

2.When a driver is applying first aid, which of the following is proper?

A. Stand in the middle of the road to stop or warn approaching cars.

B. Leave the engine working when he gets out of his car to help.

C. Call 999 for an ambulance to come and leave the scene immediately.

D. Make sure the scene is safe enough and stay away from dangerous gas leaking.

3.What does the underlined word “hamper” mean in the last paragraph?

A. Affect.                     B. Improve.                 C. Demand.                    D. Judge.

4.The passage is most likely to appear in a newspaper’s ______ section.

A. business and finance                            B. sports and entertainment

C. travel and traffic                                       D. customs and cultures

We couldn’t forget the historic moment on Oct.11, 2012, when the first Chinese Nobel laureate, Mo Yan, won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature. Minutes after the award was announced, millions of Chinese expressed pleasure and pride for Mo Yan on the Internet. So a Chinese getting the Nobel Prize for literature did really increase the national pride.
On Dec.11 (Monday) in Sweden Mo was given the Nobel diploma, medal and a document confirming the prize amount. In his speech at the ceremony, Mo said receiving the prize felt like a fairy tale, but of course it was true and that literature was useless compared with science. Mo's award filled the blank left by Chinese literature in the world literary history. Meanwhile, Monday's Nobel awards ceremony set off another buying rush on Mo's works among Chinese readers.
【小题1】Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for _________.

A twenty-nine-year-old kindergarten teacher from Maryland was named National Teacher of the Year in 2006. On June first she would begin a year as a national and international spokeswoman for education.

Kimberly Oliver was the first National Teacher of the Year from her state. She taught five-year-old children at a public school in Maryland, near Washington, D.C. President Bush honored her and other top teachers at the White House.

Kimberly Oliver said she wanted people to understand that the first several years of a child’s life were the most important for learning. She said investing in children at a very young age would result in great gains later in school and in life. She called on parents to read to children from an early age so they would not fall behind in school. One of the activities at her school was an event called “ Books and Supprer Night ”. Families read together at the school and received free books to take home. Parents, children and teachers also ate dinner together.

Broad Acres Elementary School was in a poor area. Many of the parents were immigrants with limited English. Kimberly Oliver helped improve learning environment at her school. She received money to buy electronic learning systems, tape players and books in English and Spanish and sent them home with students. Parents said she had shown them how to help their children at home.

She was born and raised in Delaware. She held one degree in English and another in Elementary Education. Kimberly Oliver would follow in the footsteps of another teacher Jason Kamras from the Washington area as National Teacher of the Year. Jason Kamras, as honored for his work, teaching math to middle school students in the nation’s capital.

The National Teacher of the Year program began in 1952. A fourteen-member committee choose from among teachers honored as the best in their states.

1.From the text we know that in the state of Maryland, __________.

A．no other teacher than Kimberly Oliver had been given the honor

B．Kimberly Oliver had been teaching in a middle school for many years

C．Kimberly opened her own school early in Washington in 1952

D．many other teachers were given the honor together with Oliver

2.Oliver hoped that parents should __________.

A．spend more time playing with their children

B．read to their children at an early age

C．not give too much money to their children

D．stay at school with their children more often

3.Kimberly Oliver had been named National Teacher of the Year mostly because ___________.

A．she taught five-year old children at a public school

B．the elementary school she taught in is in a poor area

C．she was helpful ahd had many special and good ideas in teaching children

D．she called on parents to read to children from an early age

4.The National Teacher just before Oliver comes from __________.

A．Delaware         B．Maryland          C．New York          D．Washington

One day, when I went shopping with Julie, we came across something special. Waiting in a long checkout line, I thought about going to another, which had the shortest queue. There was only one guy in it, but he was in a wheelchair. Well, we stepped in behind him. At first, he seemed to be having difficulty getting his groceries onto the checking desk. But after a while, I realized that what he was actually doing was separating them into two piles.

However, doing that job was no easy task in itself. I offered to help, but he and the checkout lady had it under control. He asked my wife if she would mind putting his empty basket away. What must it be like, I wondered, to be so dependent on other people like that? The checkout operator came around and gave him his change and the items he needed to have to hand. She hung one bag of groceries over a handle at the back of his chair. I offered to get the other, bigger, bag and he said, “No. But you could do me a favour. Take that lot along to the entrance and give it to Angela.”

As I was told, I did that, leaving Julie with our shopping. Angela, as turned out, was collecting food for people who might otherwise go hungry! I hadn't even noticed her before. This guy, despite the limitations that his physical condition imposed on him, had bought more than twice as much shopping as he needed – and given the bigger bag away to help other people! He didn't let the fact that he needed help stop him from being a help. He may have been limited physically, but his heart was more than capable of overcoming all that. And it changed my idea of dependence when I realized that the help he had given was more than the help he had received.

So … what’s holding the rest of us back?

1. From the first paragraph, we know that______.

A. the writer was obviously a disabled person

B. the man in a wheelchair was a shopper

C. the writer and Julie jumped the queue

D. only three people were shopping then

2. The man put the things he bought into two piles, probably because______.

A. his shopping bags were too small to hold all the groceries

B. he hoped to keep the balance of his wheelchair

C. he intended to help the people in need

D. it would be easy for him to carry

3. From the passage, we can learn that Angela was probably______.

A. the disabled person’s wife

B. the girl at the checking desk

C. a hungry and homeless beggar

D. a kind-hearted and helpful woman

4. Which of the following can best describe the man in the wheelchair?

A. kind, energetic and determined

B. positive, dependent and easy-going

C. active, optimistic and open-minded

D. helpful, generous and strong-hearted

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.

??? Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type.The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.

??? Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.?

1.We can infer from the text that humans and animals ________.

A. depend on one sense in choosing food

B. are not satisfied with their food

C. choose food in similar ways.

D. eat entirely different food

2.Which of the following eats only one type of food?

A. The white butterfly.??????????????????????? B. The small bird.

C. The bear???????????????????????????????? D. The fox

3.Certain animals change their choice of food when ______.

A. the season changes

B. The food color changes

C. They move to different places

D. They are attracted by different smells.

4.We can learn from the last paragraph that _____.

A. food is chosen for a good reason.

B. Some people care little about healthy diet

C. some people have few choices of food

D. French and British food is good.